引言: scrapy是Python中鼎鼎大名的爬虫框架,在安装scrapy过程中碰到了openssl某个文件找不到的问题,并进行了分析,记录之。
1. scrapy以及安装过程
Scrapy是Python中鼎鼎大名的爬虫框架,笔者在Centos 7系统之上进行安装,发现了如下问题:
>> pip install scrapy
由于安装过程中的过程信息比较多,这里只列出了其中的关键片段信息:
[html] view plain copy
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running egg_info
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writing requirements to src/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
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writing src/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
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writing top-level names to src/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
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writing dependency_links to src/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
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writing entry points to src/cryptography.egg-info/entry_points.txt
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reading manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
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reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
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no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
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warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors'
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writing manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
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running build_ext
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generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_padding.c'
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creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
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generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_constant_time.c'
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generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c'
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building '_openssl' extension
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creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build
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creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
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gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.o
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build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c:434:30: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
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#include <openssl/opensslv.h>
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^
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compilation terminated.
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error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
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----------------------------------------
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Command "/usr/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-hRMlG0/cryptography/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ReCoWo-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-hRMlG0/cryptography/
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[root@AY131203102210033c39Z ~]# yum install openssl build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c:434:30: fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory
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^C
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Exiting on user cancel.
由于确实openssl.c文件而安装失败了,貌似没有找到对应的文件
2. 问题分析
首先怀疑openssl没有安装,故先进行openssl的检查:
>> yum info openssl
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
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* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
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* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
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* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
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Installed Packages
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Name : openssl
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Arch : x86_64
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Epoch : 1
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Version : 1.0.1e
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Release : 60.el7_3.1
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Size : 1.5 M
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Repo : installed
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Summary : Utilities from the general purpose cryptography library with TLS implementation
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URL : http://www.openssl.org/
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License : OpenSSL
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Description : The OpenSSL toolkit provides support for secure communications between
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: machines. OpenSSL includes a certificate management tool and shared
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: libraries which provide various cryptographic algorithms and
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: protocols.
基于其中的信息可以得知,openssl是一家安装过了,怎么还是会缺少openssl.c的文件呢?
经过一番思考,豁然发现一个基本规则, openssl已经安装二进制的可执行程序,而这里的安装scrapy则需要的是openssl的源文件程序,比如openssl.h。故这里需要补充安装的是openssh.h的开发版,其中包含相关的安装源代码文件。
3. 问题的解决
在确认了问题之后,接下来就是安装openssl-devel的安装包了:
>> yum install openssl-devel
在安装完成之后,重新安装scrapy,就可以顺利安装成功了
4. 总结
推而广之,在Linux系统中都存在类似的问题,在安装特定安装包的过程中,其依赖某些第三方开发包,会曝出某些文件找不到的错误,一般情况下是需要安装依赖包的开发版本的。 这个规则应该是通用的。
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