|
CentOS7变化很多.
安装步骤如下 选择安装语言,本文默认英文.
Date & Time 设置时间和时区(见下面的图) KEYBOARD 设置键盘布局(没特殊情况不需要修改) LANGUAGE SUPPORT 语言支持(第一步已经选择了英文,这里可以不选了.) INSTALLATION SOURCE 安装源(默认即可,有光盘,网络等选项) SOFTWARE SELECTION 安装包的选择(见下面的图) INSTALLATION DESTINATION 安装目标,其实就是选择硬盘.(见下面的图) KDUMP 备份选项(见下面的图) NETWORK & HOSATNAME 网络和主机名选项(由于显示问题,图片上没这个选项.见下面的图)
选择时区,这里我们选亚洲,上海. 右上角有个Network Time 需要先设置网络才可使用.
选择要安装的软件,服务器来说.选择Minimal Install 点右上角Done即可. 在CentOS7里面,没有了base包,所以命令有些变化,详见下文.
选择硬盘,点下面的I will configure partioning(手动分区)之后点右上角Done即可
点击左下角的+
分区参考,这个部分,最好是自己根据实际情况理解安装,尽量不要完全照抄. 操作完成后,有上角Done即可.
点击Accept Changes来应用分区表.
关闭了自动备份功能.
设置网络和计算机名.
安装过程中设置root密码,点击 ROOT PASSWD
设置密码,点击左上角Done 即可
安装完成,点击Reboot.重启即可. 完成操作系统安装.
关于命令和操作系统简单优化的步骤如下: ———————————-大家好,我是分割线,虽然我并不华丽———————————- 网络命令参考
ip [选项] 操作对象{link|addr|route…}
# ip route list # 查看路由信息 # 查看网络接口信息
[root@test ~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:5d:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # 查看网卡信息
[root@test ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:5d:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.23.131/24 brd 192.168.23.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736 valid_lft 1383sec preferred_lft 1383sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:5d7f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 查看路由表
[root@test ~]# ip route list
default via 192.168.23.2 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.23.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.23.131 metric 100 # 添加静态路由,因为路由已经存在了.就仅供参考吧
[root@test ~]# ip route add 192.168.23.0/24 via 192.168.23.2 dev eno16777736
RTNETLINK answers: File exists [root@test ~]# ip route list default via 192.168.23.2 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.23.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.23.131 192.168.23.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.23.131 metric 100
# ip route 指令对路由的修改不能保存,重启就没了.把 ip route 添加到 /etc/rc.local 也没用.
[root@centos7 ~]echo "10.15.150.0/24 via 192.168.150.253 dev eno16777736" > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eno16777736
# 系统自带的另外一个网络设置工具,详细命令请自行搜索.
[root@test ~]# nmcli
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help } OPTIONS -t[erse] terse output -p[retty] pretty output -m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode -f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common specify fields to output -e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values -n[ocheck] don't check nmcli and NetworkManager versions -a[sk] ask for missing parameters -w[ait] <seconds> set timeout waiting for finishing operations -v[ersion] show program version -h[elp] print this help OBJECT g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations n[etworking] overall networking control r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent # 查看接口信息
[root@test ~]# nmcli con show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eno16777736 10bb4ba5-df5f-4d06-8955-e7ba28f86508 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
# 在CentOS7下面,也有tui的命令 # CentOS7重启网卡的命令如下
systemctl restart network.service
# 在CentOS7里面,默认是没有network命令的,可以用如下命令来添加network服务 用于重启网卡
yum install NetworkManager
———————————-大家好,我是分割线,虽然我并不华丽———————————- 服务的控制
CentOS 7 已经切换到 systemd,系统指令也有所变化.之前用于启动、重启、停止各种服务的 service 作为向后兼容的指令还能使用,但是将来可能会消失.同时,chkconfig 也改成了 systemctl 了.这里列举了一些常用的对应于 service 和 chkconfig 的新的 systemctl 指令.
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart httpd.service [root@localhost ~]# service sshd restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart sshd.service 但是系统会自动重定向该指令到新的指令 /bin/systemctl 来执行,并给出提示. 启动服务：
systemctl start httpd
停止服务：
systemctl stop httpd
重启服务(先停止,后启动)：
systemctl restart httpd
重新加载(使用新的配置文件)：
systemctl reload httpd
显示服务状态：
systemctl status httpd
与此同时,之前用于设定系统启动时自动运行某服务的指令 chkconfig 也改了,还是用 systemctl.
chkconfig service on
改成了, systemctl enable httpd 扫描改动过的服务
systemctl daemon-reload
chkconfig service off
改成了, systemctl disable httpd 检查服务状态的
chkconfig service
改成了, systemctl is-enabled httpd 列举出所有服务的指令,
chkconfig –list
改成了, systemctl list-unit-files --type=service 以前能指定服务 runlevel 的 –levels 也没有了.慢慢适应吧. ———————————-大家好,我是分割线,虽然我并不华丽———————————-
# 修改CentOS7网卡名称的方法如下.
# 首先,让我们来禁用该可预测命名规则.对于这一点,你可以在启动时传递”net.ifnames=0″的内核参数.这是通过编辑/etc/default/grub并加入”net.ifnames=0″到GRUBCMDLINELINUX变量来实现的.
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" [root@test ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-be58931139f24432a5795998159371f9 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-be58931139f24432a5795998159371f9.img done # 编辑 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件 内容如下
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules
# This is a sample udev rules file that demonstrates how to get udev to # set the name of IPoIB interfaces to whatever you wish. There is a # 16 character limit on network device names though, so don't go too nuts # # Important items to note: ATTR{type}=="32" is IPoIB interfaces, and the # ATTR{address} match must start with ?* and only reference the last 8 # bytes of the address or else the address might not match on any given # start of the IPoIB stack # # Note: as of rhel7, udev is case sensitive on the address field match # and all addresses need to be in lower case. # # ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="?*00:02:c9:03:00:31:78:f2", NAME="mlx4_ib3" ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="?*00:02:c9:03:00:31:78:f2", NAME="eth0"
# 重启操作系统. ———————————-大家好,我是分割线,虽然我并不华丽———————————- # 如果还想使用 ifconfig 等网络命令,可以使用yum来安装
yum install net-tools
# 安装系统常用的软件包
yum -y install strace sysstat gcc gcc-c++ make lrzsz ntp iptraf openssl-devel libtool-ltdl unixODBC ncurses-devel bind-utils unzip \
pcre-devel libevent-devel vim-common vim-enhanced e4fsprogs OpenIPMI OpenIPMI-tools perl-devel telnet lftp dos2unix wget traceroute # 把vim加入到环境变量
echo alias vi='vim' >> /etc/bashrc
# 添加lib目录到 共享库
echo "/usr/local/lib/" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# 修改记录格式
echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/profile
# 修改记录条数
sed -i "s/HISTSIZE=1000/HISTSIZE=999999999/" /etc/profile
# 关闭ssh的反解
echo 'UseDNS no' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 优化ulimit
echo -e "*\tsoft\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo -e "*\thard\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo -e "*\tsoft\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf echo -e "*\thard\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf # 优化内核参数
echo "#-------------insert-------------" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.rmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.rmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.somaxconn = 32768" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.wmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.wmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf /sbin/sysctl -p # 关闭系统不需要的服务
systemctl disable auditd.service
systemctl disable irqbalance.service systemctl disable lvm2-monitor.service systemctl disable postfix.service ———————————-大家好,我是分割线,虽然我并不华丽———————————-
在CentOS7,我想将分配的网络接口名更改为别的名字.有什么合适的方法来来重命名CentOS或RHEL7的网络接口？ 从CentOS/RHEL7起,这种可预见的命名规则变成了默认.根据这一规则,接口名称被自动基于固件,拓扑结构和位置信息来确定.现在,即使添加或移除网络设备,接口名称仍然保持固定,而无需重新枚举,和坏掉的硬件可以无缝替换.
* 基于接口类型的两个字母前缀:
* en -- 以太网 * sl -- 串行线路IP (slip) * wl -- wlan * ww -- wwan * * 名字类型: * b<number> -- BCMA总线和新书 * ccw<name> -- CCW总线组名 * o<index> -- 车载设备的索引号 * s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_port>] -- 热插拔插槽索引号 * x<MAC> -- MAC 地址 * [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_port>] * -- PCI 位置 * [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..]1[i<interface>] * -- USB端口号链
新的命名方案的一个小的缺点是接口名称相比传统名称有点难以阅读.例如,你可能会发现像enp0s3名字.再者,你再也无法来控制接口名了. (责任编辑：IT) |
