Linux硬盘分区(一):添加
********************************
*************************
过程简述
*************************
-
--添加磁盘
-
# fdisk -l --查看磁盘情况
-
# fdisk /dev/sdb --为/dev/sdb设备分区
-
n --添加分区
-
p/e --主分区/逻辑分区
-
w --保存退出
-
# mkdir /data --创建挂载目录
-
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化磁盘为ext3文件系统
-
# fdisk -l --再次查看磁盘情况
-
# mount /dev/sdb /data --挂载磁盘到创建的挂载目录下
-
# vi /etc/fstab --修改启动自动挂载项
-
/dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
*************************
说明
*************************
1、以上操作为精炼总结,若如可以看懂,下面内容无需浏览;
2、以下简单列举两例,细化操作过程。
*****************************************************************************************************
举例1:添加1块90G磁盘,将其分为1个分区
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盘情况
*************************
-
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
-
-
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
-
/dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
磁盘分区
*************************
-
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
-
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
-
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
-
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
-
content won't be recoverable.
-
-
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.
-
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
-
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
-
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
-
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
-
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
-
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
-
-
Command (m for help): m
-
--输入m查看帮助:指令提示
-
Command action
-
a toggle a bootable flag
-
b edit bsd disklabel
-
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
-
d delete a partition
-
l list known partition types
-
m print this menu
-
n add a new partition
-
o create a new empty DOS partition table
-
p print the partition table
-
q quit without saving changes
-
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
-
t change a partition's system id
-
u change display/entry units
-
v verify the partition table
-
w write table to disk and exit
-
x extra functionality (experts only)
-
-
Command (m for help): n
-
--添加新分区
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
p
-
--输入p添加主分区
-
Partition number (1-4): 1
-
--填写分区号
-
First cylinder (1-11748, default 1):
-
Using default value 1
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748):
-
Using default value 11748
-
-
Command (m for help): p
-
--打印分区列表
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 11748 94365778+ 83 Linux
-
-
Command (m for help): w
-
--保存退出
-
The partition table has been altered!
-
-
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
-
Syncing disks.
*************************
创建挂载目录
*************************
-
[root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data
*************************
格式化磁盘
*************************
-
[root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb
-
--格式化sdb1,格式成ext3格式文件系统
-
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
-
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
-
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
-
Filesystem label=
-
OS type: Linux
-
Block size=4096 (log=2)
-
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
-
11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks
-
1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
-
First data block=0
-
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
-
720 block groups
-
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
-
16384 inodes per group
-
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
-
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
-
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000
-
-
-
Writing inode tables: done
-
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
-
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
-
-
-
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
-
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
-
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
-
-
-
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
-
/dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
-
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
挂载磁盘到指定路径下
*************************
-
[root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data
-
[root@hyldb /]# df -h
-
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-
/dev/sda3 112G 4.3G 102G 5% /
-
/dev/sda1 487M 17M 445M 4% /boot
-
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
-
/dev/sdb 89G 184M 84G 1% /data
*************************
修改启动磁盘自动挂载
*************************
-
[root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstab
-
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
-
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
-
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
-
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
-
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
-
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
-
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
-
/dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
-
~
-
~
-
"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
-
-
-
--格式说明
-
/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
-
要挂载的对象 挂载的目录 系统类型 文件系统访问权限 开机后是否检测 出问题后是否转储
*****************************************************************************************************
举例2:
1、添加1块10G磁盘;
2、将其分为六个分区;
3、三个主分区分别为2G;
4、剩余空间分为扩展分区,具体分为两个逻辑分区分别为1G,剩余空间单独分为一个逻辑分区。
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盘情况
*************************
-
[root@hyl ~]# df -h
-
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
-
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
-
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
-
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
-
-
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
-
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
-
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
为/dev/sdb设备分区
*************************
-
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
-
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
-
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
-
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
-
content won't be recoverable.
-
-
-
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
-
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
-
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
-
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
-
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
-
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
-
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
-
-
Command (m for help): m
-
Command action
-
a toggle a bootable flag
-
b edit bsd disklabel
-
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
-
d delete a partition
-
l list known partition types
-
m print this menu
-
n add a new partition
-
o create a new empty DOS partition table
-
p print the partition table
-
q quit without saving changes
-
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
-
t change a partition's system id
-
u change display/entry units
-
v verify the partition table
-
w write table to disk and exit
-
x extra functionality (experts only)
*************************
创建第一个主分区:大小2G
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
p
-
Partition number (1-4): 1
-
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
-
Using default value 1
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
创建第二个主分区:大小2G
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
p
-
Partition number (1-4): 1
-
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
-
Using default value 1
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
-
-
Command (m for help): n
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
p
-
Partition number (1-4): 2
-
First cylinder (251-1305, default 251):
-
Using default value 251
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
创建第三个主分区:大小2G
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
p
-
Partition number (1-4): 3
-
First cylinder (501-1305, default 501):
-
Using default value 501
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
先打印分区列表看一下
*************************
-
Command (m for help): p
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
*************************
创建扩展分区
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
Command action
-
e extended
-
p primary partition (1-4)
-
e
-
Selected partition 4
-
First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
-
Using default value 751
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305):
-
Using default value 1305
*************************
创建第一个逻辑分区:大小1G
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
-
Using default value 751
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
创建第二个逻辑分区:大小1G
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
First cylinder (876-1305, default 876):
-
Using default value 876
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
剩余容量创建最后一个逻辑分区
*************************
-
Command (m for help): n
-
First cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001):
-
Using default value 1001
-
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305):
-
Using default value 1305
*************************
打印分区列表
*************************
-
Command (m for help): p
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
-
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
*************************
保存退出
*************************
-
Command (m for help): w
-
The partition table has been altered!
-
-
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
-
Syncing disks.
*************************
查看磁盘划分
*************************
-
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
-
-
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
-
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
-
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
-
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
-
--由此可以看出,sdb1、sdb2、sdb3为主分区,sdb5、sdb6、sdb7为逻辑分区
*************************
举例:将sdb1格式化为ext3文件系统
*************************
-
[root@hyl ~]# cd /
-
[root@hyl /]# mkdir data1
-
[root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
-
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
-
Filesystem label=
-
OS type: Linux
-
Block size=4096 (log=2)
-
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
-
251392 inodes, 502023 blocks
-
25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
-
First data block=0
-
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
-
16 block groups
-
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
-
15712 inodes per group
-
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
-
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
-
-
Writing inode tables: done
-
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
-
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
-
-
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
-
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
*************************
举例:为sdb1设置开机自动挂载
*************************
-
[root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab
-
--设置开机自动挂载
-
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
-
LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
-
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
-
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
-
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
-
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
-
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
-
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
-
~
-
~
-
~
-
"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
-
[root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
-
[root@hyl /]# df -h
-
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
-
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
-
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
-
/dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
*****************************************************************************************************
Linux硬盘分区(二):删除
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
举例:对sdb1进行umount
*************************
-
[root@hyl /]# df -h
-
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
-
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
-
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
-
/dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
-
[root@hyl /]# umount /data1
-
[root@hyl /]# df -h
-
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
-
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
-
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
-
-
[root@hyl /]# fdisk -l
-
-
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
-
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
-
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
-
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
*************************
对第二块磁盘操作(即/dev/sdb)
*************************
-
[root@hyl /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
-
-
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
-
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
-
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
-
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
-
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
-
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
-
-
Command (m for help): m
-
Command action
-
a toggle a bootable flag
-
b edit bsd disklabel
-
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
-
d delete a partition
-
l list known partition types
-
m print this menu
-
n add a new partition
-
o create a new empty DOS partition table
-
p print the partition table
-
q quit without saving changes
-
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
-
t change a partition's system id
-
u change display/entry units
-
v verify the partition table
-
w write table to disk and exit
-
x extra functionality (experts only)
-
-
-
Command (m for help): p
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
-
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
-
</span>
*************************
删除分区:sdb1及其它
*************************
-
Command (m for help): d
-
--输入删除指令
-
Partition number (1-7): 1
-
--输入删除的分区号
-
Command (m for help): p
-
--打印分区表
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
-
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
-
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
-
--可以看到sdb1已经被删除了
-
--接下来同理,删除其它分区
-
Command (m for help): d
-
Partition number (1-7): 2
-
-
-
Command (m for help): d
-
Partition number (1-7): 3
-
-
-
Command (m for help): d
-
Partition number (1-7): 4
-
-
-
Command (m for help): p
-
-
-
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
-
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
-
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
-
-
-
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
-
-
-
Command (m for help): w
-
--保存退出
-
The partition table has been altered!
-
-
-
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
-
Syncing disks.
-
-
-
--现在可以移除磁盘了
-
(责任编辑:IT) |