RHCE7认证学习笔记37——Apache配置与管理
一、Httpd.conf配置文件主要参数
ServerRoot:
Listen:添加除80之外的监听端口,如808,需要加入selinux的上下文,
[root@it.net.cn ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 808
Include:加载的模块
[root@it.net.cn ~]# httpd -M 查看加载的模块
ServerName:设置站点名,标记不同的站点;
DocumentRoot:站点主目录
Directory:目录
<Directory "/var/www/html/iso">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ----Index指index.html不存在,则列出访问资源,FollowSymLinks是否允许软链接访问;
AllowOverride None :是否允许.htaccess文件的内容覆盖httpd.conf
Allow open access:
Require all granted
或者Require all denied
Require ip 192.168.1.10
Require local
</Directory>
[root@it.net.cn test]# htpasswd -mc .htpasswd tom
.htaccess
1 AuthName "test"
2 AuthType Basic
3 AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd
4 require user RedHat
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
设置访问别名:
Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
动态网页:
CGI: 公共网关接口
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
WSGI:web server gateway interface
SSI:server side include 默认的后缀名需为:shtml shtm
地址重写,页面跳转:
URL:域名+URI
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/test$ /test/ [R]
二、配置虚拟主机
1、基于主机名
<VirtualHost *:80>
#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/it.net.cn
ServerName www.it.net.cn.com
ServerAlias www1.it.net.cn.com
# ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
# CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
2、基于IP地址
12345678 <VirtualHost IP地址:80>
#ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/it.net.cn
ServerName www.it.net.cn.com
ServerAlias www1.it.net.cn.com
# ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
# CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
3、基于端口
三、配置HTTPS
Https -- http + ssl(or tls)
服务器端进入/etc/pki/tls/certs目录,生成测试用的证书和私钥:
[root@it.net.cn certs]# make test.crt
安装ssl模块:
yum install mod_ssl.x86_64 -y
编辑虚拟主机配置文件
43 <VirtualHost *:443>
44 #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
45 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/sg
46 ServerName www.sg.com
47 ServerAlias www1.sg.com
48 SSLEngine on
49 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/sg.crt
50 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/sg.key
51 # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
52 # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
53 </VirtualHost>
32 <VirtualHost *:80>
33 #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
34 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/sg
35 ServerName www.sg.com
36 ServerAlias www1.sg.com
37 RewriteEngine on
38 RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://www.sg.com/$1 [L,R]
39 # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
40 # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
41 </VirtualHost>
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