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为Linux主机用户设定特定的磁盘空间大小——Ubuntu12.04配置磁盘限额实战配置 使用软件：quota 操作系统：Ubuntu 12.04_x86_64 针对分区：/home下的用户 一、安装quota # apt-get install -y quota 二、配置磁盘配额分区 配置设备目录支持相应quota # vi /etc/fstab 重启后生效 /dev/sda7 /home ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2 重现挂载/home分区 #mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /home 测试quota #quotacheck -avug quotacheck -auvg quotacheck: Quota for users is enabled on mountpoint /home so quotacheck might damage the file. Please turn quotas off or use -f to force checking. #quotacheck -avug -f quotacheck: Cannot remount filesystem mounted on /home read-only so counted values might not be right. Please stop all programs writing to filesystem or use -m flag to force checking. # quotacheck -auvg -f -m quotacheck: Scanning /dev/disk/by-uuid/52bce451-c00a-4655-b7c4-4ed911361be6 [/] quotacheck: lstat Cannot stat `//var/lib/lightdm/.gvfs': Permission denied Guess you'd better run fsck first ! exiting... # fsck fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) /dev/sda1 is mounted. WARNING!!! The filesystem is mounted. If you continue you ***WILL*** cause ***SEVERE*** filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue<n>? yes /dev/sda1: recovering journal Clearing orphaned inode 291185 (uid=0, gid=0, mode=0100640, size=1074) Clearing orphaned inode 291988 (uid=0, gid=0, mode=0100640, size=62) Clearing orphaned inode 535083 (uid=104, gid=111, mode=0100600, size=1) Clearing orphaned inode 793605 (uid=104, gid=111, mode=0100664, size=2028) Setting free inodes count to 1011177 (was 1011199) Setting free blocks count to 3061839 (was 3061776) /dev/sda5: clean, 234007/1245184 files, 1918641/4980480 blocks 此时有两种方法： 法1：快速解决问题，不影响系统服务使用 #reboot 法2：结束掉正在使用的进程 #fuser -m /home 10334rce 10665rce 10843rce #ps -aux | grep 10334 000 4753 0.0 0.0 557828 23976 ? Sl 15:35 0:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote/unity-scope-video-remote #quotacheck -avug quotacheck: Quota for users is enabled on mountpoint /home so quotacheck might damage the file. Please turn quotas off or use -f to force checking. 此时执行quotacheck提示，加上-f强制 #quotacheck -avug -f quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sda7 [/home] done quotacheck: Checked 236 directories and 1225 files #ll /home/ total 52 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 11 15:39 ./ drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 May 10 14:07 ../ -rw------- 1 root root 7168 May 11 15:39 aquota.group -rw------- 1 root root 7168 May 11 15:39 aquota.user 三、开启磁盘配额 使用#quotaon -auvg命令后发现如下报错 #quotaon -auvg quotaon: using /home/aquota.group on /dev/sda7 [/home]: Device or resource busy quotaon: using /home/aquota.user on /dev/sda7 [/home]: Device or resource busy 此时关闭quota #quotaoff -a 重现开启，显示已经完成对home分区的磁盘配额 #quotaon -auvg /dev/sda7 [/home]: group quotas turned on /dev/sda7 [/home]: user quotas turned on 四、对用户进行配额 对已经创建的用户quota_user_001进行配置 #edquota -u quota_user_001 #配置用户磁盘配额 isk quotas for user qibo (uid 1001): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft$ /dev/sda7 12 300000000 524288000 4 0$ 单位为Kb 其中blocks为已经使用的容量，soft和hard分别是，限额287G和500G ctrl+o 写入 ctrl+x 退出 复制用户的配置信息 #edquota -p quota_user_001 -u quota_user_002 修改宽限时间 当使用者文件超过大小时 #edquota -t 36500 因为没有强制性需求，因此设置为36500天 编辑myquotagrp组的总共使用大小 edquota -g quota_group_001 查看全部磁盘配额用户的限制 #repquota -auv #检查用户磁盘配额剩余情况 $quota -vsug quota_user_001 查看是否有警告信息 $warnquota # quotaoff /home （取消磁盘空间限制。） # quotaon /home （现在启动磁盘空间限制。） 五、测试 可以设定50M的限额，创建容量超过80M的文件 测试命令如下 # su - quota_user_001 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=ceshi bs=1M count=40 记录了40+0 的读入 记录了40+0 的写出 41943040字节(42 MB)已复制，0.0535329 秒，783 MB/秒 tankai@dttzd07:~$ ls ceshi tankai@dttzd07:~$ du -sh * 40M ceshi $ dd if=/dev/zero of=ceshi2 bs=1M count=40 dd: 正在写入"ceshi2": 超出磁盘限额 记录了9+0 的读入 记录了8+0 的写出 9248768字节(9.2 MB)已复制，0.0151042 秒，612 MB/秒 $ du -sh * 40M ceshi 8.9M ceshi2
dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile2 bs=1M count=40
会发现真是数据只有49.8M
(责任编辑：IT) |