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CentOS 6.4 LVM的建立与使用

时间:2014-09-24 15:51来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:it

要使用LVM，需要先了解几个参数的意义。

 

PV:Physical Volume 实体滚动条

 

VG:Volume Group 滚动条群组

LVM大磁盘是许多PV整合成VG，VG最多能包含65534个PE。

 

PE:Physical Extend 实体延伸区  LVM默认使用4MB的PE区块，PE是整个LVM最小的储存区块，简单说PE有点像文件系统里面的block。

 

LV:Logical Volume 逻辑滚动条

  VG会被切成LV,LV的大小与LV内的PE有关，LVM的文件名通常指定为/dev/vgname/lvname的样式

 

 

PE LV VG之间的关系图：

 

通过PV VG LV的规划后，利用mkfs可以将你的LV格式化为可以利用的文件系统。

LV写入硬盘的方式：

线性模式(liner)： 举例来说 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2加入到VG当中，并且整个VG只有一个LV时，线性模式就是：当/dev/sda1容量用完后，/dev/sda2才会被使用。(建议的模式)

 

交错模式(triped):有点像RAID 0，理论上读写性能会比较好。

 

LVM默认的读写模式是线性模式，如果你使用triped模式，当一个partition损坏时，所有数据都会损毁。

 

LVM需要核心支持且需安装lvm2这个软件。

 

我要实现的环境：

              分割4个partition，每个partition的容量为1G，且system ID为8e;            

              全部的partition整合为一个VG，VG名称为yaovg，且PE大小为16M;

              全部的VG容量都给LV，LV的名称为yaolv;

              这个LV格式化为ext4的文件系统，挂载在/mnt/lvm中

 

 

本人都是用vmware虚拟机做的，添加一块硬盘/dev/sdb

对这块硬盘/dev/sdb分区

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (133-1305, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (265-1305, default 265):
Using default value 265
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (265-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l   logical (5 or over)
p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (265-1305, default 265):
Using default value 265
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (265-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l   logical (5 or over)
p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (397-1305, default 397):
Using default value 397
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (397-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l   logical (5 or over)
p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (529-1305, default 529):
Using default value 529
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (529-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l   logical (5 or over)
p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (661-1305, default 661):
Using default value 661
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (661-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb8b17d21
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             133         264     1060290   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             265        1305     8361832+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             265         396     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6             397         528     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb7             529         660     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb8             661         792     1060258+  83  Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 7
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 7 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 8
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 8 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb8b17d21
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             133         264     1060290   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             265        1305     8361832+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             265         396     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6             397         528     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb7             529         660     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb8             661         792     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@minilinux ~]# partprobe

 

 

PV阶段：

建立PV很简单，直接使用pvcreate即可！

       pvcreate：将实体partition建立成为PV

       pvscan:查找目前系统里任何具有PV的磁盘

       pvdisplay:显示目前系统上面的PV状态

       pvremove:将PV属性移除，让该partition不具有PV属性

 

将/dev/sdb5-/dev/sdb8建立成为PV格式

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvscan
No matching physical volumes found
[root@minilinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{5,6,7,8}
Physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created
Can't open /dev/sdb7 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
Can't open /dev/sdb8 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?

 

没挂载上去，就是创建不了。查找了很多资料，还是没解决。

所以决定再添加一块硬盘/dev/sdc试试。

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[root@minilinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe0ff2586.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (133-1305, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (265-1305, default 265):
Using default value 265
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (265-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (397-1305, default 397):
Using default value 397
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (397-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (397-1305, default 397):
Using default value 397
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (397-1305, default 1305): +1G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe0ff2586
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1         132     1060258+  83  Linux
/dev/sdc2             133         264     1060290   83  Linux
/dev/sdc3             265         396     1060290   83  Linux
/dev/sdc4             397        1305     7301542+   5  Extended
/dev/sdc5             397         528     1060258+  83  Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe0ff2586
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1         132     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdc2             133         264     1060290   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdc3             265         396     1060290   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdc4             397        1305     7301542+   5  Extended
/dev/sdc5             397         528     1060258+  8e  Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@minilinux ~]# partprobe

分区完毕！

 

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvscan
No matching physical volumes found
[root@minilinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc{1,2,3,5}
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc5" successfully created

 创建成功了

 

 

 更详细显示系统上每个PV信息

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size               1.01 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               UB7cyX-pHjU-JO9x-a0c4-esnM-9k6B-C3ACif
"/dev/sdc2" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc2
VG Name
PV Size               1.01 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               Jj0fcC-a5MI-l539-8h3E-SeK5-BdGg-S4ih2D
"/dev/sdc3" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc3
VG Name
PV Size               1.01 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               iqeTJj-Lb8h-ilVk-jkg0-cC5q-exDc-5pvd0b
"/dev/sdc5" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc5
VG Name
PV Size               1.01 GiB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size               0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               lcyKsS-zSco-ZPn0-778m-X76b-3VN2-VdL9OM

 这样PV就建立好了

 

 

  VG阶段：

vgcreate:主要建立VG的指令

  vgscan:查找系统上面是否有VG存在？

  vgdisplay:显示目前系统上面的VG状态

  vgextend:在VG内增加额外的PV

  vgreduce:在VG内移除PV

  vgchange:设定VG是否启动

  vgremove:删除一个VG

 

 VG的名称是自定义的

 

 将/dev/sdc1-/dev/sdc3建立成为一个VG，指定PE为16M

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[root@minilinux ~]# vgcreate -s 16M yaovg /dev/sdc{1,2,3}
Volume group "yaovg" successfully created
[root@minilinux ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
Found volume group "yaovg" using metadata type lvm2

 发现存在yaovg的VG

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdc1   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 1.00 GiB free]
PV /dev/sdc2   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 1.00 GiB free]
PV /dev/sdc3   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 1.00 GiB free]
PV /dev/sdc5                      lvm2 [1.01 GiB]
Total: 4 [4.01 GiB] / in use: 3 [3.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [1.01 GiB]

 三个PV被用了，剩下一个/dev/sdc5的PV还没用

 

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               yaovg
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        3
Metadata Sequence No  1
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
Max PV                0
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               3.00 GiB
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              192
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
Free  PE / Size       192 / 3.00 GiB
VG UUID               9nAH51-isaO-GKOB-X5NB-sgWg-0shh-Ph77m8

 一个VG就建立好了！

 

 

 将剩余的PV/dev/sdc5)也给yaovg

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[root@minilinux ~]# vgextend yaovg /dev/sdc5
Volume group "yaovg" successfully extended
[root@minilinux ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               yaovg
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        4
Metadata Sequence No  2
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
Max PV                0
Cur PV                4
Act PV                4
VG Size               4.00 GiB
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              256
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
Free  PE / Size       256 / 4.00 GiB
VG UUID               9nAH51-isaO-GKOB-X5NB-sgWg-0shh-Ph77m8

 

 

 LV阶段：

创建完VG后，就是要建立分区了，分区就是所谓的LV喽，要将那个yaovg分割为yaolv。这个VG的容量都分配到yaolv里面去。

 lvcreate:建立LV

 lvscan:查看系统上面的LV

 lvdisplay:显示系统上面的LV状态

 lvextend:在LV里面增加容量

 lvreduce:在LV里面减少容量

 lvremove:删除一个LV

 lvresize:对LV进行容量大小的调整

 

 

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# lvcreate -l 256 -n yaolv yaovg
Logical volume "yaolv" created
[root@minilinux ~]# ll /dev/yaovg/yaolv
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul  9 23:20 /dev/yaovg/yaolv -> ../dm-0
[root@minilinux ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/yaovg/yaolv
LV Name                yaolv
VG Name                yaovg
LV UUID                2kC7wu-tK00-bM5n-3RDf-C09Y-vYdw-8VoDIU
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Creation host, time minilinux, 2013-07-09 23:20:30 +0800
LV Status              available
# open                 0
LV Size                4.00 GiB
Current LE             256
Segments               4
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     auto
- currently set to     256
Block device           253:0

 LV的名称必须使用全名/dev/yaovg/yaolv

 

 

文件系统阶段

格式化 挂载 查看我的LV

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[root@minilinux ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/yaovg/yaolv
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048576 blocks
52428 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@minilinux ~]# mkdir /mnt/lvm
[root@minilinux ~]# mount /dev/yaovg/yaolv /mnt/lvm
[root@minilinux ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             19609276   1339268  17273912   8% /
tmpfs                   118188         0    118188   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/yaovg-yaolv
4128448    139256   3779480   4% /mnt/lvm

 LV的名称为/dev/yaovg/yaolv是为了让使用者找到我们所需要的数据，实际上LVM使用的装置是放在/dev/mapper/目录下。现在已经建立好一个LV，你可以使用/mnt/lvm里面的东东了！

 

增大LV容量

 

只要这样做就好

 

1     用fdisk设定新的具有8e system ID的partition
2     pvcreate建立PV

3     vgextend将PV加入yaovg

4     lvresize将新加入的PV内的PE加入yaolv中

5     通过resize2fs将文件系统的容量确实增加

 

 新增一个512M的partition  /dev/sdc6

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[root@minilinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (529-1305, default 529):
Using default value 529
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (529-1305, default 1305): +512M
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@minilinux ~]# partprobe

 

 建立新的PV

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc6
Physical volume "/dev/sdc6" successfully created
[root@minilinux ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdc1   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc2   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc3   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc5   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc6                      lvm2 [517.69 MiB]
Total: 5 [4.51 GiB] / in use: 4 [4.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [517.69 MiB]

 

加上VG

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[root@minilinux ~]# vgextend yaovg /dev/sdc6
Volume group "yaovg" successfully extended
[root@minilinux ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               yaovg
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        5
Metadata Sequence No  4
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                1
Open LV               0
Max PV                0
Cur PV                5
Act PV                5
VG Size               4.50 GiB
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              288
Alloc PE / Size       256 / 4.00 GiB
Free  PE / Size       32 / 512.00 MiB
VG UUID               9nAH51-isaO-GKOB-X5NB-sgWg-0shh-Ph77m8

 

放大LV,用lvresize增加

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[root@minilinux ~]# lvresize -l +32 /dev/yaovg/yaolv
Extending logical volume yaolv to 4.50 GiB
Logical volume yaolv successfully resized
[root@minilinux ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/yaovg/yaolv
LV Name                yaolv
VG Name                yaovg
LV UUID                2kC7wu-tK00-bM5n-3RDf-C09Y-vYdw-8VoDIU
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Creation host, time minilinux, 2013-07-09 23:20:30 +0800
LV Status              available
# open                 0
LV Size                4.50 GiB
Current LE             288
Segments               5
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     auto
- currently set to     256
Block device           253:0

文件系统没有增加，LVM可以在线直接处理，不需要umount.文件系统的容量，用resize2fs来处理

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# resize2fs /dev/yaovg/yaolv
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/yaovg/yaolv is mounted on /mnt/lvm; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/yaovg/yaolv to 1179648 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/yaovg/yaolv is now 1179648 blocks long.
[root@minilinux ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/yaovg-yaolv
4.5G  136M  4.1G   4% /mnt/lvm

 

 

减少LV容量

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# resize2fs /dev/yaovg/yaolv 4000M
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/yaovg/yaolv is mounted on /mnt/lvm; on-line resizing required
On-line shrinking from 1179648 to 1024000 not supported.
缩小文件无法在线进行，必须先卸载
[root@minilinux ~]# umount /mnt/lvm
[root@minilinux ~]# resize2fs /dev/yaovg/yaolv 4000M
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/yaovg/yaolv' first.
要先进行磁盘检查
[root@minilinux ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/yaovg/yaolv
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/yaovg/yaolv: 11/294912 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 53334/1179648 blocks
[root@minilinux ~]# resize2fs /dev/yaovg/yaolv 4000M
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/yaovg/yaolv to 1024000 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/yaovg/yaolv is now 1024000 blocks long.
[root@minilinux ~]# mount /dev/yaovg/yaolv /mnt/lvm
[root@minilinux ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/yaovg-yaolv
3.9G  136M  3.6G   4% /mnt/lvm

 

 

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[root@minilinux ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc1
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.41 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               UB7cyX-pHjU-JO9x-a0c4-esnM-9k6B-C3ACif
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc2
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.44 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               Jj0fcC-a5MI-l539-8h3E-SeK5-BdGg-S4ih2D
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc3
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.44 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               iqeTJj-Lb8h-ilVk-jkg0-cC5q-exDc-5pvd0b
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc5
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.41 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               lcyKsS-zSco-ZPn0-778m-X76b-3VN2-VdL9OM
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc6
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               517.69 MiB / not usable 5.69 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              32
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          32
PV UUID               fPetiR-GrUd-CiVk-sWBI-F9d6-x223-HF3798
要移除/dev/sdc5，这个PV有64个PE
[root@minilinux ~]# lvresize -l -64 /dev/yaovg/yaolv
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 3.50 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce yaolv? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume yaolv to 3.50 GiB
Logical volume yaolv successfully resized
[root@minilinux ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/yaovg/yaolv
LV Name                yaolv
VG Name                yaovg
LV UUID                2kC7wu-tK00-bM5n-3RDf-C09Y-vYdw-8VoDIU
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Creation host, time minilinux, 2013-07-09 23:20:30 +0800
LV Status              available
# open                 1
LV Size                3.50 GiB
Current LE             224
Segments               4
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     auto
- currently set to     256
Block device           253:0
这样LV缩小了，但是要确定/dev/sdc5里面的PE完全不被使用，才能够移除/dev/sdc6。
[root@minilinux ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc1
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.41 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               UB7cyX-pHjU-JO9x-a0c4-esnM-9k6B-C3ACif
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc2
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.44 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               Jj0fcC-a5MI-l539-8h3E-SeK5-BdGg-S4ih2D
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc3
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.44 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          64
PV UUID               iqeTJj-Lb8h-ilVk-jkg0-cC5q-exDc-5pvd0b
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc5
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               1.01 GiB / not usable 11.41 MiB
Allocatable           yes
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              64
Free PE               32
Allocated PE          32
PV UUID               lcyKsS-zSco-ZPn0-778m-X76b-3VN2-VdL9OM
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc6
VG Name               yaovg
PV Size               517.69 MiB / not usable 5.69 MiB
Allocatable           yes
PE Size               16.00 MiB
Total PE              32
Free PE               32
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               fPetiR-GrUd-CiVk-sWBI-F9d6-x223-HF3798
发现未使用的PE在/dev/sdc6上
[root@minilinux ~]# pvmove /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc6
/dev/sdc5: Moved: 3.1%
/dev/sdc5: Moved: 100.0%
移除/dev/sdc5
[root@minilinux ~]# vgreduce yaovg /dev/sdc5
Removed "/dev/sdc5" from volume group "yaovg"
[root@minilinux ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdc1   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc2   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc3   VG yaovg           lvm2 [1.00 GiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc6   VG yaovg           lvm2 [512.00 MiB / 0    free]
PV /dev/sdc5                      lvm2 [1.01 GiB]
Total: 5 [4.51 GiB] / in use: 4 [3.50 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [1.01 GiB]
[root@minilinux ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc5
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc5" successfully wiped
这样你的文件系统 实际的LV VG都变小了，那个/dev/sdc5也可以进行其他的用途。

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