实验环境：
LVS和keepalived介绍：
1.keepalived的设计目标是构建高可用的LVS负载均衡群集，可以调用ipvsadm工具来创建虚拟服务器，管理服务器池，而不仅仅用来做双机热备。
使用keepalived构建LVS群集更加简便易用，主要优势体现在：
对LVS负载调度器实现热备切换，提高可用性；
对服务器池中的节点进行健康检查，自动移除失效节点，恢复后再重新加入。

2.在基于LVS+Keepalived实现的LVS群集结构中，至少包括两台热备的负载调度器，两台以上的节点服务器，本例将以DR模式的LVS群集为基础，增加一台从负载调度器，使用Keepalived来实现主、从调度器的热备，从而构建建有负载均衡、高可用两种能力的LVS网站群集平台。

3.通过LVS+Keepalived构建的LVS集群，LVS负载均衡用户请求到后端tomcat服务器，Keepalived的作用是检测web服务器的状态，如果有一台web服务器死机，或工作出现故障，Keepalived将检测到，并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除，当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中，这些工作全部自动完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。

Keepalived简介
什么是Keepalived：keepalived可以实现服务的高可用或热备，用来防止单点故障的问题；而Keepalived的核心VRRP协议，VRRP协议主要实现了在路由器或三层交换机处的冗余；Keepalived就是使用VRRP协议来实现高可用的；下面一起来看一下Keepalived的原理图：

Keepalived启动后会有三个进程：
    父进程：内存管理，子进程管理
    子进程：VRRP子进程
    子进程：healthchecker子进程
由上图可知：
    两个子进程都被系统WatchDog看管，两个子进程各自复杂自己的事，healthchecker子进程复杂检查各自服务器的健康程度，例如HTTP，LVS等，如果healthchecker子进程检查到MASTER上服务不可用了，就会通知本机上的VRRP子进程，让它删除通告，并且去掉虚拟IP，转换为BACKUP状态；

实验架构图：

1 <BR>

实验过程：

HA高可用集群构建前提：
1.proxy和proxy2节点时间必须同步；
建议使用ntp协议进行；
参考博客：http://sohudrgon.blog.51cto.com/3088108/1598314

2、节点之间必须要通过主机名互相通信；
建议使用hosts文件；

通信中使用的名字必须与其节点为上“uname -n”命令展示出的名字保持一致；
[root@proxy ~]# cat /etc/hosts                        
127.0.0.1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 
::1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 
172.16.0.1  server.magelinux.com server 
172.16.31.52 proxy.stu31.com proxy 
172.16.31.53 proxy2.stu31.com proxy2 
172.16.31.50 tom1.stu31.com tom1 
172.16.31.51 tom2.stu31.com tom2

3、节点之间彼此root用户能基于ssh密钥方式进行通信；
节点proxy： 
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub proxy2 
节点proxy2： 
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub proxy

测试ssh无密钥通信：
123 [root@proxy ~]# date ; ssh proxy2 date
Sat Jan 17 15:29:26 CST 2015 
Sat Jan 17 15:29:26 CST 2015

一.配置安装LVS+keepalived
1.在Master与Backup服务器上分别安装Ipvsadm、Keepalived软件包、这里使用的是yum安装方式
# yum install -y keepalived ipvsadm

注释：这里安装Ipvsadm工具主要是为了查看lvs规则使用，不安装ipvsadm工具也能成功配置规则，但不方便；

2.修改keepalived配置文件
keepalived的文件路径/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

修改Master节点proxy的主配置文件
[root@proxy ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived 
global_defs { 
  notification_email {      #设置报警通知邮件地址，可以设置多个 
    root@localhost 
  } 
  notification_email_from admin@stu31.com  #设置邮件的发送地址 
  smtp_server 127.0.0.1        #设置smtp server的地址,该地址必须是存在的 
  smtp_connect_timeout 30      #设置连接smtp server的超时时间 
  router_id LVS_DEVEL          #运行Keepalived服务器的标识，发邮件时显示在邮件标题中的信息 
} 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {            #定义VRRP实例,实例名自定义 
    state MASTER                #指定Keepalived的角色，MASTER为主服务器，BACKUP为备用服务器 
    interface eth0              #指定HA监测的接口 
    virtual_router_id 51        #虚拟路由标识，这个标识是一个数字(1-255)，在一个VRRP实例中主备服务器ID必须一样 
    priority 100                #优先级，数字越大优先级越高，在一个实例中主服务器优先级要高于备服务器 
    advert_int 1                #设置主备之间同步检查的时间间隔单位秒 
    authentication {            #设置验证类型和密码 
        auth_type PASS          #验证类型有两种{PASS|HA} 
        auth_pass Oracle        #设置验证密码，在一个实例中主备密码保持一样 
    } 
    virtual_ipaddress {        #定义虚拟IP地址,可以有多个，每行一个 
    172.16.31.188 
    } 
} 
virtual_server 172.16.31.188 {    #设置虚拟服务器，需要指定虚拟IP与服务端口,用空格分隔 
    delay_loop 6                    #设置健康状态检查时间，单位为秒 
    lb_algo rr                      #设置负载高度算法，rr为轮询 
    lb_kind DR                      #设置LVS实现负载均衡的机制，可以为{NAT|TUN|DR}三种 
    nat_mask 255.255.0.0            #设置掩码 
    persistence_timeout 50          #会话保持时间，单位为秒;这个选项对于动态网页是非常有用的，为集群系统中session共享提供了一个很好的解决方案 
    protocol TCP                    #指定转发协议类型可以设置{TCP|UDP}两种 
    real_server 172.16.31.50 80 {    #后端服务器节点,需要指定Real_server的IP与端口,用空格分隔 
        weight 1                    #配置服务节点的权重,数字越大，权重越高 
        HTTP_GET {                  #设置检测Realserver的方式为http协议 
            url {          
              path / 
          status_code 200      #设定返回状态码为200表示Realserver是存活的 
            } 
            connect_timeout 3        #设置响应超时时间 
            nb_get_retry 3          #设置超时重试次数 
            delay_before_retry 3    #设置超时后重试间隔 
        } 
    } 
    real_server 172.16.31.51 80 { 
        weight 1 
        HTTP_GET { 
            url { 
              path / 
          status_code 200 
            } 
            connect_timeout 3 
            nb_get_retry 3 
            delay_before_retry 3 
        } 
    } 
}

3.将Master服务器proxy节点上的主配置文件拷贝到Backup服务器proxy2节点稍作修改
# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf proxy2:/etc/keepalived/ 
######修改如下两项 
[root@proxy2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
state BACKUP 
priority 99

4.启动两台服务器上的Keepalived服务并设置为开机自启动
# chkconfig --add keepalived ; ssh proxy2 "chkconfig --add keepalived"
# chkconfig  keepalived on ; ssh proxy2 "chkconfig keepalived on"          
# chkconfig --list keepalived; ssh proxy2 "chkconfig --list keepalived"
keepalived      0:off  1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off 
keepalived      0:off  1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

启动服务：
# service keepalived start; ssh proxy2 "service keepalived start"

5.观察各节点的服务启动后的日志：
MASTER节点的日志；
[root@proxy keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived[15019]: Starting Keepalived v1.2.13 (10/15,2014) 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived[15021]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=15024 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived[15021]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=15025 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.52 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::a00:27ff:fe3b:2360 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.52 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::a00:27ff:fe3b:2360 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Configuration is using : 63202 Bytes 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Configuration is using : 16989 Bytes 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.31.50]:8080 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.31.51]:8080 
Jan 17 15:57:43 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 15:57:44 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 15:57:44 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. 
Jan 17 15:57:44 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.188 added 
Jan 17 15:57:44 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.31.188

BACKUP节点的日志：
[root@proxy2 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived[15005]: Starting Keepalived v1.2.13 (10/15,2014) 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived[15007]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=15009 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived[15007]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=15010 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.53 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.53 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:bd28 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:bd28 added 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Configuration is using : 16991 Bytes 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Configuration is using : 63204 Bytes 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.31.50]:8080 
Jan 17 15:57:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.31.51]:8080

6.开启Master节点与Backup节点服务器的路由转发功能
#sed -i 's/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g' /etc/sysctl.conf

二.安装配置后端的tomcat服务器节点
1.配置后端tomcat服务器节点；
具体配置参考我的前篇博客，都是连续性的实验；
配置完成后，访问测试如图：

tom1节点：

tom2节点：

实现了负载均衡访问；

2.为两台Realserver提供Sysv格式的脚本来自动修改内核参数与虚拟IP并运行脚本
#vim rs.sh 
.  /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 
VIP=172.16.31.188 
host=`/bin/hostname` 
case "$1" in 
start) 
      # Start LVS-DR real server on this machine. 
        /sbin/ifconfig lo down 
        /sbin/ifconfig lo up 
        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore 
        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce 
        echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore 
        echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 
        /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up 
        /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0 
;; 
stop) 
        # Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s). 
        /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down 
        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore 
        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce 
        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore 
        echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 
;; 
status) 
        # Status of LVS-DR real server. 
        islothere=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep $VIP` 
        isrothere=`netstat -rn | grep "lo:0" | grep $VIP` 
        if [ ! "$islothere" -o ! "isrothere" ];then 
            # Either the route or the lo:0 device 
            # not found. 
            echo "LVS-DR real server Stopped."
        else
            echo "LVS-DR real server Running."
        fi 
;; 
*) 
            # Invalid entry. 
            echo "$0: Usage: $0 {start|status|stop}"
            exit 1 
;; 
esac

注释：脚本中的VIP定义的是虚拟IP地址

3.脚本两个节点都存放一份；然后执行此脚本：
#sh rs.sh start

4.查看设置后的状态：
12 # sh rs.sh status 
LVS-DR real server Running.

查看节点的VIP地址设置完成与否：
tom1节点；
[root@tom1 ~]# ip addr show lo 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet 172.16.31.188/32 brd 172.16.31.188 scope global lo:0 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

tom2节点：
[root@tom2 ~]# ip addr show lo 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet 172.16.31.188/32 brd 172.16.31.188 scope global lo:0 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

5.查看MASTER节点proxy的ipvs规则：
1234567 [root@proxy keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn 
TCP  172.16.31.188:0 rr persistent 50 
  -> 172.16.31.50:8080            Route  1      0          0          
  -> 172.16.31.51:8080            Route  1      0          0

  
从规则中可以看出虚拟IP与Port及调度算法为rr；其中有两个Realserver

三.访问测试及故障模拟ces
1.访问测试：

由上可知，使用的是rr调度算法，在访问测试时可能需要多访问几次或换个浏览器来测试访问

2.模拟Master服务器出现故障，将Master主机上的Keepalived服务停止，查看Backup服务器是否接管所有服务
[root@proxy keepalived]# service keepalived stop    
Stopping keepalived:                                      [  OK  ]

3.观察节点切换后的系统日志：
MASTER节点的日志：
[root@proxy keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived[15021]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (10/15,2014) 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15025]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.188 removed 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Removing service [172.16.31.50]:8080 from VS [172.16.31.188]:0 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15024]: Removing service [172.16.31.51]:8080 from VS [172.16.31.188]:0 
Jan 17 16:20:40 proxy kernel: IPVS: __ip_vs_del_service: enter

BACKUP节点的日志：
1234567 [root@proxy2 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:20:41 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 16:20:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 16:20:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. 
Jan 17 16:20:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15009]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.188 added 
Jan 17 16:20:42 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.31.188 
Jan 17 16:20:47 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15010]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.31.188

4.查看各节点的VIP地址状态及IPVS规则：
原MASTER节点：
[root@proxy keepalived]# ip addr show 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 
    link/ether 08:00:27:3b:23:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 
    inet 172.16.31.52/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3b:2360/64 scope link  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1234 [root@proxy keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

由上可见Master服务器上已删除虚拟IP与LVS规则

BACKUP节点：
[root@proxy2 keepalived]# ip addr show 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:bd:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 
    inet 172.16.31.53/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 
    inet 172.16.31.188/32 scope global eth0 
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:bd28/64 scope link  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

由上可见，虚拟IP地址已成功在Backup服务器启动
1234567 [root@proxy2 keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn 
TCP  172.16.31.188:0 rr persistent 50 
  -> 172.16.31.50:8080            Route  1      0          0          
  -> 172.16.31.51:8080            Route  1      0          0

 
LVS的规则也已成功配置在Backup服务器上面

5.再次访问测试服务器是否正常提供服务

6.假如Master服务器修复好已重新上线，则虚拟IP地址与LVS规则会重新配置到Master服务器上而在Backup服务器上删除
[root@proxy keepalived]# service keepalived start 
Starting keepalived:                                      [  OK  ]

观察启动日志：
MASTER节点的日志：
[root@proxy keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election 
Jan 17 16:34:51 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE 
Jan 17 16:34:51 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. 
Jan 17 16:34:51 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.31.188 
Jan 17 16:34:51 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15365]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.188 added 
Jan 17 16:34:56 proxy Keepalived_vrrp[15366]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.31.188

自动进入了MASTER状态；

BACKUP节点的日志：
12345 [root@proxy2 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15258]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert 
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15258]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE 
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy2 Keepalived_vrrp[15258]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. 
Jan 17 16:34:50 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15257]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.31.188 removed

自动进入BACKUP状态，移除VIP；

查看各节点的VIP 和IPVS规则：
MASTER节点的的VIP生成成功，IPVS规则生成：
[root@proxy keepalived]# ip addr show 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 
    link/ether 08:00:27:3b:23:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 
    inet 172.16.31.52/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 
    inet 172.16.31.188/32 scope global eth0 
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3b:2360/64 scope link  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
[root@proxy keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn 
TCP  172.16.31.188:0 rr persistent 50 
  -> 172.16.31.50:8080            Route  1      0          0          
  -> 172.16.31.51:8080            Route  1      0          0

BACKUP节点自动降级，VIP自动移除，但是ipvs规则还是存在的，这对我们是没有影响的，没有了IP地址只有规则也是不生效的
[root@proxy2 keepalived]# ip addr show 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN  
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:bd:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 
    inet 172.16.31.53/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:bd28/64 scope link  
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
[root@proxy2 keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn 
TCP  172.16.31.188:0 rr persistent 50 
  -> 172.16.31.50:8080            Route  1      0          0          
  -> 172.16.31.51:8080            Route  1      0          0

7.如果后端Realserver出现故障，则LVS规则会清除相应Realserver的规则
我们将后端的tom1节点的tomcat服务停止：
[root@tom1 ~]# catalina.sh stop 
Using CATALINA_BASE:  /usr/local/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_HOME:  /usr/local/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp 
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest 
Using CLASSPATH:      /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 
[root@tom1 ~]#

观察LVS节点的启动日志：

MASTER节点：
出现连接错误，发送了邮件：
[root@proxy keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:40:39 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15365]: Error connecting server [172.16.31.50]:8080. 
Jan 17 16:40:39 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15365]: Removing service [172.16.31.50]:8080 from VS [172.16.31.188]:0 
Jan 17 16:40:39 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15365]: Remote SMTP server [127.0.0.1]:25 connected. 
Jan 17 16:40:39 proxy Keepalived_healthcheckers[15365]: SMTP alert successfully sent.

BACKUP节点：
出现连接错误，发送了邮件：
[root@proxy2 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages  
Jan 17 16:40:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15257]: Error connecting server [172.16.31.50]:8080. 
Jan 17 16:40:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15257]: Removing service [172.16.31.50]:8080 from VS [172.16.31.188]:0 
Jan 17 16:40:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15257]: Remote SMTP server [127.0.0.1]:25 connected. 
Jan 17 16:40:42 proxy2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15257]: SMTP alert successfully sent.

在到MASTER节点查看ipvs规则：
1234567 [root@proxy keepalived]# ipvsadm -L -n 
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) 
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags 
  -> RemoteAddress:Port          Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn 
TCP  172.16.31.188:0 rr persistent 50 
  -> 172.16.31.51:8080            Route  1      0          0          
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

规则已经将故障的后端tomcat服务器移除，并且我们还收到了邮件；查看邮件：
[root@proxy keepalived]# mail 
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help. 
"/var/spool/mail/root": 16 messages 12 new 14 unread 
略..... 
 N 12 admin@stu31.com      Sat Jan 17 15:44  17/594  "[LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.51]:80 - DOWN"
 N 13 admin@stu31.com      Sat Jan 17 15:44  17/594  "[LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.50]:80 - DOWN"
 N 14 admin@stu31.com      Sat Jan 17 15:50  17/594  "[LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.51]:80 - DOWN"
 N 15 admin@stu31.com      Sat Jan 17 15:50  17/594  "[LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.50]:80 - DOWN"
 N 16 admin@stu31.com      Sat Jan 17 16:40  17/596  "[LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.50]:8080 - DOWN"
& 16 
Message 16: 
From admin@stu31.com  Sat Jan 17 16:40:39 2015 
Return-Path: <admin@stu31.com> 
X-Original-To: root@localhost 
Delivered-To: root@localhost.stu31.com 
Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2015 08:40:39 +0000 
From: admin@stu31.com 
Subject: [LVS_DEVEL] Realserver [172.16.31.50]:8080 - DOWN 
X-Mailer: Keepalived 
To: root@localhost.stu31.com 
Status: R 
=> CHECK failed on service : connection error <= 
& quit 
Held 16 messages in /var/spool/mail/root

注：我在这里还测试了优先级相同时，LVS的主备节点的选举情况，如果优先级都是100的话，我们停止MASTER节点的keepalived服务后，VIP和IPVS规则自动转移到了BACKUP节点，但是我们将MASTER节点的keepalived服务启动后，VIP还是在 BACKUP节点上，ipvs规则会在MASTER节点上生成；
所以我们在生产环境中一定要注意优先级的设置，主节点的优先级必须比备用节点的优先级高；

至此，LVS+Keepalived实现高可用负载均衡集群已全部完成