系统
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uname -a # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息
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Linux hostname 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 11:41:38 EST 2008 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)
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cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看CPU信息
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processor : 0
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vendor_id : GenuineIntel
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cpu family : 6
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model : 44
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model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5670 @ 2.93GHz
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stepping : 2
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cpu MHz : 2933.582
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cache size : 12288 KB
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physical id : 1
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siblings : 12
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core id : 0
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cpu cores : 6
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apicid : 32
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fpu : yes
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fpu_exception : yes
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cpuid level : 11
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wp : yes
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flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc ida pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr popcnt lahf_lm
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bogomips : 5871.13
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clflush size : 64
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cache_alignment : 64
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address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
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power management:
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-[0000:00]-+-00.0 Intel Corporation 5500 I/O Hub to ESI Port
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+-01.0-[02]--+-00.0 Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM57711E 10-G igabit PCIe
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| \-00.1 Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM57711E 10-G igabit PCIe
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+-02.0-[0d]--
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+-03.0-[03-05]--
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+-07.0-[06-08]--
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+-08.0-[11]--
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+-09.0-[09-0b]--+-00.0 QLogic Corp. ISP2432-based 4Gb Fibre Channel
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Bus# 6
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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`-Dev# 2 Vendor 0x03f0 Product 0x1027
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Bus# 5
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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Bus# 4
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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Bus# 3
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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Bus# 2
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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Bus# 1
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`-Dev# 1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000
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lsmod # 列出加载的内核模块
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env # 查看环境变量资源
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_=/bin/env
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CVS_RSH=ssh
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G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1
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HISTSIZE=1000
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HOME=/root
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INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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KDEDIR=/usr
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KDE_IS_PRELINKED=1
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KDE_NO_IPV6=1
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LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
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LOGNAME=root
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MAIL=/var/spool/mail/root
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PATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 48295 9647 38648 0 1165 4067
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-/+ buffers/cache: 4413 43881
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Swap: 3999 0 3999
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-root
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83G 7.4G 72G 10% /
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-tmp
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3.9G 137M 3.6G 4% /tmp
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-var
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31G 5.1G 24G 18% /var
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grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看内存总量
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# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
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MemTotal: 16432172 kB
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grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存量
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# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo
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MemFree: 12647164 kB
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14:15:28 up 4 days, 2:56, 1 user, load average: 1.17, 1.15, 1.10
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cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系统负载
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# cat /proc/loadavg
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1.11 1.14 1.09 1/546 5175
磁盘和分区
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mount | column -t # 查看挂接的分区状态
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-root on / type ext3 (rw)
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proc on /proc type proc (rw)
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sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
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devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-tmp on /tmp type ext3 (rw)
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Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 146.7 GB, 146778685440 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 19 152586 83 Linux
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/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 20 17844 143179312+ 8e Linux LVM
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Disk /dev/sdc: 384.3 GB, 384399572992 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 46733 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
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Disk /dev/sde: 225.4 GB, 225485783040 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 27413 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Filename Type Size Used Priority
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/dev/mapper/rootVG-swap partition 16777208 0 -1
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hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)
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dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况
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Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
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Probing IDE interface ide0...
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Probing IDE interface ide1...
网络
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bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68
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inet addr:10.56.236.101 Bcast:10.56.236.127 Mask:255.255.255.128
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UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
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RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
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TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
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collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
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RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB) TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)
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eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68
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UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
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RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
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TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
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collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
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RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB) TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)
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Interrupt:130 Memory:fb000000-fb7fffff
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Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
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target prot opt source destination
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Kernel IP routing table
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Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
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10.56.236.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.128 U 0 0 0 bond0
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169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 bond0
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0.0.0.0 10.56.236.126 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 bond0
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Active Internet connections (only servers)
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Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12782/ns-slapd
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# netstat -antp # 查看所有已经建立的连接
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Active Internet connections (servers and established)
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Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12782/ns-slapd
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tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15217/ricci
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Ip:
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195815097 total packets received
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8 forwarded
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0 incoming packets discarded
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195814891 incoming packets delivered
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167012221 requests sent out
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3 outgoing packets dropped
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7 fragments dropped after timeout
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231 reassemblies required
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33 packets reassembled ok
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7 packet reassembles failed
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8 fragments received ok
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32 fragments created
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Icmp:
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25034 ICMP messages received
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16 input ICMP message failed.
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ICMP input histogram:
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destination unreachable: 173
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echo requests: 13025
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echo replies: 11836
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25060 ICMP messages sent
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0 ICMP messages failed
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ICMP output histogram:
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destination unreachable: 185
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echo request: 11842
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echo replies: 13025
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IcmpMsg:
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InType0: 11836
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InType3: 173
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InType8: 13025
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OutType0: 13025
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OutType3: 185
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OutType8: 11842
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OutType10: 8
进程
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UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
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root 1 0 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:05 init [3]
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root 2 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:03 [migration/0]
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root 3 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
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root 4 1 0 Jul10 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
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Tasks: 385 total, 1 running, 384 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
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Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.6%id, 0.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st
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Mem: 16432172k total, 3795132k used, 12637040k free, 800952k buffers
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Swap: 16777208k total, 0k used, 16777208k free, 1729708k cached
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PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
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7339 root 15 0 11016 1192 700 R 2.0 0.0 0:00.01 top
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17378 root 10 -5 0 0 0 D 2.0 0.0 6:50.74 kjournald
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1 root 15 0 10372 704 596 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.31 init
用户
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14:33:53 up 4 days, 3:15, 1 user, load average: 1.17, 1.14, 1.10
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USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
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root pts/0 10.141.41.62 13:11 0.00s 0.05s 0.05s -bash
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uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel)
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root pts/0 10.141.41.62 Mon Jul 14 13:11 still logged in
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root pts/0 10.141.41.62 Mon Jul 14 10:38 - 12:34 (01:56)
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root pts/0 10.141.152.51 Sun Jul 13 07:14 - 11:55 (04:41)
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root pts/2 10.140.2.76 Fri Jul 11 17:50 - 18:38 (00:47)
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cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户
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# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
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root
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bin
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daemon
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adm
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cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组
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root
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bin
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daemon
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sys
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adm
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tty
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disk
服务
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chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务
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httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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nfslock 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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nscd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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oddjobd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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oractl 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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syslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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chkconfig –list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务
程序
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# rpm -qa | grep perl
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perl-HTML-Parser-3.55-1.fc6
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perl-Net-Telnet-3.03-5
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perl-LDAP-0.33-4.el5_8
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perl-XML-LibXML-1.58-6
其他常用命令整理如下:
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查看主板的序列号:dmidecode | grep -i 'serial number'
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用硬件检测程序kuduz探测新硬件:service kudzu start ( or restart)
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查看CPU信息:cat /proc/cpuinfo [dmesg | grep -i 'cpu'][dmidecode -t processor]
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查看内存信息:cat /proc/meminfo [free -m][vmstat]
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查看板卡信息:cat /proc/pci
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查看显卡/声卡信息:lspci |grep -i 'VGA'[dmesg | grep -i 'VGA']
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查看网卡信息:dmesg | grep -i 'eth'[cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf | grep -i eth][lspci | grep -i 'eth']
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查看PCI信息:lspci (相比cat /proc/pci更直观)
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查看USB设备:cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
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查看键盘和鼠标:cat /proc/bus/input/devices
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查看系统硬盘信息和使用情况:fdisk & disk – l & df
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查看各设备的中断请求(IRQ):cat /proc/interrupts
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查看系统体系结构:uname -a
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查看及启动系统的32位或64位内核模式:isalist –v [isainfo –v][isainfo –b]
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查看硬件信息,包括bios、cpu、内存等信息:dmidecode
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测定当前的显示器刷新频率:/usr/sbin/ffbconfig –rev ?
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查看系统配置:/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag –v
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查看当前系统中已经应用的补丁:showrev –p
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显示当前的运行级别:who –rH
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查看当前的bind版本信息:nslookup –class=chaos –q=txt version.bind
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查看硬件信息:dmesg | more
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显示外设信息, 如usb,网卡等信息:lspci
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查看已加载的驱动: lsnod lshw
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查看当前处理器的类型和速度(主频):psrinfo -v
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打印当前的OBP版本号:prtconf -v
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查看硬盘物理信息(vendor, RPM, Capacity):iostat –E
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查看磁盘的几何参数和分区信息:prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s
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显示已经使用和未使用的i-node数目:
df –F ufs –o i
isalist –v
对于“/proc”中文件可使用文件查看命令浏览其内容,文件中包含系统特定信息:
主机CPU信息:Cpuinfo
主机DMA通道信息:Dma
文件系统信息:Filesystems
主机中断信息:Interrupts
主机I/O端口号信息:Ioprots
主机内存信息:Meninfo
Linux内存版本信息:Version
备注: proc – process information pseudo-filesystem 进程信息伪装文件系统
(责任编辑:IT) |