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最近在CentOS release 6.3上安装了mysql，但是mysqladmin -u root password 123456命令的时候，却出现如下的错误：
1./usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456
2./usr/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
3.error: 'Can't connect to local <a href="http://www.it165.net/database/dbmy/"target="_blank" class="keylink">MySQL</a> server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)'
4.Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' exists!
发现可能的错误应该是mysqld服务守护进程没运行的原因，然后使用service mysqld status命令查看当前mysqld的服务状态，发现它确实是处于stopped状态，随后便想用service mysqld start命令启动守护进程，却又出现启动服务失败的信息：
1.service mysqld start
2.<a href="http://www.it.net.cn/database/dbmy/" target="_blank" class="keylink">MySQL</a> Daemon failed to start.
3.Starting mysqld: [FAILED]
这下就头大了，启动服务竟然失败了。而且又没有任何相关的错误信息，所以只能查看它的错误日志，如下所示： www.it165.net
01.tail -n 20 /var/log/mysqld.log
02.120907 13:52:30 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
03.120907 13:52:30 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
04.120907 14:06:24 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
05./usr/libexec/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
06.120907 14:06:24 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
07.120907 14:06:24 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M
08.120907 14:06:24 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
09.InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 0 37356
10.120907 14:06:24 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
11.InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
12.InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
13.InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
14.InnoDB: buffer...
15.InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 44233
16.120907 14:06:24 InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
17.InnoDB: Progress in percents: 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
18.InnoDB: Apply batch completed
19.120907 14:06:24 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 44233
20.120907 14:06:24 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
21.120907 14:06:24 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pi
从中发现出现一个致命的错误，Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist！这样问题也就找到了，table ‘mysql.host’不存在的原因是新安装的mysql服务后，一般需要执行数据库初始化操作 ，从而生成与权限相关的表，执行命令如下：
1./usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
以上命令中的mysql_install_db与你安装的mysql服务位置有关，如果不知道在哪，可以使用find / -name mysql_install_db找到其位置，然后执行上面的命令。 然后在执行数据库服务启动操作，便可以设置你mysql数据库的用户及密码了：
01.service mysqld start
02.Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
03.[root@host usr]# mysqladmin -u root pass<a href="http://www.it.net.cn/edu/ebg/" target="_blank" class="keylink">word</a> 123456
04.[root@host usr]# mysql -u root -p
05.Enter pass<a href="http://www.it.net.cn/edu/ebg/" target="_blank"class="keylink">word</a>:
06.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
07.Your MySQL connection id is 3
08.Server version: 5.1.61 Source distribution
09.
10.Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11.
12.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
13.affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
14.owners.
15.
16.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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