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MySQL备份与恢复之冷备(1)

时间:2015-09-06 11:06来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT

  用一句话概括冷备,就是把数据库服务,比如MySQL,Oracle停下来,然后使用拷贝、打包或者压缩命令对数据目录进行备份。如果数据出现异常,则可以通过备份数据恢复。冷备一般需要定制计划,比如什么时候做备份,每次对哪些数据进行备份等等。但是由于这样的备份占用过多的空间,对大数据量的环境下不一定适合,故生产环境很少使用。

冷备示意图

冷备实验

第一步,创建测试数据库,插入测试数据

 
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mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| access  |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> drop table access;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> clear
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
mysql> create table class(
 -> cid int,
 -> cname varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> show create table class \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: class
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `class` (
 `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR:
No query specified
 
mysql> create table stu(
 -> sid int,
 -> sname varchar(30),
 -> cid int) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show create table stu \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: stu
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` (
 `sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
 `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR:
No query specified
 
mysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> desc class;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| cname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> desc stu;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| sid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+

第二步,停掉MySQL

 
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[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!

 
第三步,创建备份目录,并修改拥有者和所属组

 
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[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /databackup
[root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /databackup/ -R
[root@serv01 ~]# ll /databackup/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 10 17:46 /databackup/
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /databackup/

第四步,冷备(使用tar命令)

 
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[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvPzf mysql01.tar.gz

 
第五步,测试冷备的数据是否正常,我们删除掉data下的所有数据

 
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[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*

 
第六步,删除所有数据后数据库不能启动

 
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[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).

 
第七步,恢复数据(使用tar命令)

 
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[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -xvPf mysql01.tar.gz

 
第八步,启动MySQL,然后登录MySQL,查看数据是否丢失,如果数据正常代表冷备成功

 
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[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
 
[root@serv01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+--------+
| cid | cname |
+------+--------+
| 1 | linux |
| 2 | oracle |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

以上就是实现MySQL冷备的全部过程,大家对冷备有没有了大概的了解,希望这篇文章可以对大家的学习有所帮助。


 

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