当前位置: > 其它学习 > Git >

git 优雅的撤销中间某次提交

时间:2019-02-01 16:14来源:未知 作者:IT
环境
git : 2+
 
前言
最近两天,公司的git合并代码时,出现了严重的问题,浪费很多时间; 
现在记录下; 
情况是这样的,一个同事自己的本地分支(远程没有),不知怎么的,有了别人开发分支的代码,而他自己又不知道; 
其在切换到主分支,并merge自己的分支,此时其已经把别人正在开发的代码都合并到了主分支。
 
到了晚上准备升级时,才发现,主分支的代码出了问题;此时版本库是这样的: 
 
 
如图 100047dcc这一步就有不该有的代码;
 
而此时版本库已经提交过了很多次,现在的问题就是,如何撤销掉100047dcc提交的代码,并且保留其他人提交的代码。
 
这个问题,折腾到了晚上9点半左右,尝试了网上给出的:
 
git rebase -i commit_id
//再通过将pick改为drop
 
但是,实际的效果是,100047dcc代码没了,其他人提交的代码也没有了! 
也就是给人感觉和git reset --hard be8c6f6dd没有什么区别!
 
最后因为太晚,从提交记录上看,100047dcc之后就一个人提交了代码,所以就执行了:
 
//先切一个备份分支
git branch -b master_tmp
//再执行
git reset --hard be8c6f6dd
 
之后,那个人(也就是我)从备份分支上把文件拷贝回来—(因为我是直接在主分支上改的,自己的分支并没有代码)。
 
第二天,我打算去拷贝文件,我执行如下操作:
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git pull
remote: Counting objects: 44, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (23/23), done.
remote: Total 26 (delta 19), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (26/26), done.
From gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice
 + 1784b12...384decc master     -> origin/master  (forced update)
   f8f2b19..eb33489  devyaomy   -> origin/devyaomy
 * [new branch]      master_tmp -> origin/master_tmp
Already up-to-date.
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 796 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working directory clean
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git push
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice.git
   384decc..1784b12  master -> master
 
简单的说,我的操作就是两步: 
1git pull 
2、git push 
结果又把代码还原回去了!
 
为啥呢?
 
虽然昨天晚上,把远程库的版本回退到了正确的版本,但是我的本地主分支还是最新的commit,也就是说,相比远程库,我本地库是超前了多次提交,毕竟因为远程库回退了嘛!
 
这个时候,我必须也得对本地库进行回退,回退到线上相同的commit节点才行。
 
这个时候,我做了以下几个操作:
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --soft 384deccaa6
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 
        modified:   .gitignore
        modified:   conf/application.conf
        new file:   conf/hanlp.properties
        new file:   dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
        new file:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
        new file:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
        // 文件太多不一一显示
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --hard 384deccaa6
 
上面敲了很多命令,其实真正只需要git reset --hard 384deccaa6即可。
 
git reset --hard 384deccaa6
 
接下来,我开始复制粘贴,从备份分支上,把代码拷贝下。 
真的操蛋,这等于是增加工作量啊!
 
revert 撤销某次提交
到了下午,又有个同事干了类似我上午的操作。把不该有的代码提交上去了! 
这就麻烦了,虽然远程库回退了!结果是要求凡是pull最新代码的人,都得进行本地回退的操作。 
否则,就没完没了!
 
到了晚上,对着备份分支进行测试,终于找到了优雅的解决办法!
 
这就是revert命令
 
该命令就是为撤销某次提交而存在的;
 
首先,我是明白100047dcc这次提交是有问题的,这是问题的源头; 
也就是说,只要我们把这次提交的给撤销了,就不会有问题了!
 
步骤 一
$ git revert 100047dcc
error: Commit 100047dccb58f3ee5e27b0dfaf5c02ac91dc2c73 is a merge but no -m option was given.
fatal: revert failed
 
结果报错了,报了一个Commit is a merge but no -m option was given.
 
为什么呢?
 
如果100047dcc这只是一个普通的提交,其实是不会报错的! 
但是,这是一个merge的提交。
 
那么在撤销时,git并不知道我要撤销具体哪次!如下图: 
 
 
这个时候,怎么办呢?
 
我的做法
 
步骤二
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 1
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
 
我执行了这样的一个操作:
 
git revert 100047dcc -m 1
 
参数 -m 就是指定要撤销的那个提价,从左往右,从1开始数;也就是我撤销的是ca4a7ff999。
 
接着其把代码冲突,然后我就解决冲突,保留主分支的代码,去掉那个人的代码。
 
解决完冲突后,我执行如下操作:
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master_tmp'.
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
 
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/datacentre/action/GetIncomeDistributeAction.java
        //文件太多省略。。。
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
[master_tmp d2ae829] ceshi
 18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-)
 
我上面执行的语句其实就是:
 
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
 
步骤三
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
 
也就是执行:
 
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
 
即 撤销be8c6f6dde的提交,这个时候也会提示代码冲突了,
 
接着和上面一样,解决冲突,在提交:
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
  (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
 
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 
        modified:   .gitignore
        deleted:    conf/hanlp.properties
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
        // 文件太多省略。。。
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
 
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
 
        modified:   .gitignore
        modified:   conf/application.conf
        deleted:    conf/hanlp.properties
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
        deleted:    dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/hq/action/GetStockHistoryDynamicAction.java
        modified:   dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/keybordspirit/action/GetMyGroupStockIndexAction.java
 
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试"
[master_tmp 236da00] 使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试
 95 files changed, 2093 insertions(+), 10011 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 conf/hanlp.properties
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/BindMobileGG3Action.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/SendMobileCaptchaGG3Action.java
 rewrite dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mystocktags/service/MyStockTagService.java (82%)
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRankListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRecommendReportListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHonoraryAuthorListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotIndustryListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotStockListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotThemeListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetOrganRankListAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/AuthorOrganRankCondition.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/HotReportCondition.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/service/HotReportService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/AutoLoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/BindOuterChannelAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/EmailRegisterAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/GetUserAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/IsAccountExistAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LogoutAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/OuterChannelLoginAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/RegisterAction.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/LoginService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/RegisterService.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserCommonUtils.java
 delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserService.java
 
 
即:
 
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试"
 
可以看出删除掉了那个人提交的文件。
 
最后一步
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git push
 
这样就把那个人提交错误的代码给删除了,其他人的本地分支也不需要版本回退了! 
一次改好,到处OK!
 
总结
当想撤销中间某次提交时,强烈建议使用revert命令,而不是reset。 
git reset –hard commit_id 虽然可以回退远程库,但是其要求pull最新代码的每个人的本地分支都要进行版本回退。这样就增加工作量了!
 
正确的步骤:
 
git revert commit_id
//如果commit_id是merge节点的话,-m是指定具体哪个提交点
git revert commit_id -m 1
//接着就是解决冲突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git revert commit_id -m 2
//接着就是解决冲突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git push
 
其中git revert commit_id -m 数字是针对,merge提交点的操作。 
如果是普通的提交点,不需要这么麻烦。
 

(责任编辑:IT)
------分隔线----------------------------