Docker 是最近相当热门的一个名词，它是一个基于 Linux Container 的轻量化的虚拟技术，而微软也相当积极与 Docker 合作，在 Azure 上支持这个火热的技术，并且提供简单的方式来建立 Docker Host，本文将会介绍如何在 Azure 上使用 Docker运行DockerMono镜像。

Docker 简介

Docker 是一个开源的项目，主要的特点是能将应用程序包装在一个 LXC (Linux Container) 容器中，当这些应用被包装进容器后，部署、迁移都变得更为简单。与传统的虚拟化技术相比，虚拟机需要安装操作系统才能执行应用程序，而 Container 则不需要安装操作系统就能运行应用程序。Container 技术是一种在 操作系统内的 Kernel 层所打造虚拟运行环境，所以 Container 彼此之间共享了 Host OS 的 Kernel，但通过namespace 区分来达到隔离每个容器的目的。

本文并不会针对 Docker 这个技术做深入的介绍，主要着重在 Azure 对于 Docker 所提供的支持做介绍,详细了解可以参考 Docker 入门教程。

在 Azure 上建立 Docker Host

Docker 可以运行在 Linux 操作系统之下，所以如果要在 Azure 上使用 Docker，您也可以自行建立一个Linux VM，并在上面安装 并运行Docker Deamon 。而微软在正式宣布与 Docker 密切合作后，推出了对 Docker 的直接支持，CentOS 7 中 Docker 的安装

Docker 软件包已经包括在默认的 CentOS-Extras 软件源里。因此想要安装 docker，只需要运行下面的 yum 命令：

[root@Mono ~]# yum install docker

启动 Docker 服务

[root@ Mono ~]# systemctl start docker.service

[root@ Mono ~]# systemctl enable docker.service

下载官方的 CentOS 镜像到本地

[root@Mono ~]# docker pull centos

centos:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified

511136ea3c5a: Pull complete

5b12ef8fd570: Pull complete

34943839435d: Pull complete

Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

确认 CentOS 镜像已经被获取：

[root@Mono ~]# docker images centos

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos latest 34943839435d 13 days ago 224 MB

运行一个 Docker 容器：

[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash

[root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# ls /etc

BUILDTIME group nsswitch.conf rpm

DIR_COLORS group- openldap sasl2

DIR_COLORS.256color gshadow opt securetty

DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor gshadow- os-release security

GREP_COLORS gss pam.d selinux

X11 host.conf passwd services

aliases hostname passwd- shadow

alternatives hosts pkcs11 shadow-

bash_completion.d hosts.allow pki shells

bashrc hosts.deny pm skel

binfmt.d init.d popt.d ssl

centos-release inputrc prelink.conf.d sysconfig

chkconfig.d iproute2 printcap sysctl.d

cron.daily issue profile system-release

cron.hourly issue.net profile.d system-release-cpe

csh.cshrc krb5.conf protocols systemd

csh.login ld.so.conf rc.d terminfo

dbus-1 ld.so.conf.d rc0.d tmpfiles.d

default libaudit.conf rc1.d udev

dracut.conf.d libuser.conf rc2.d virc

environment localtime rc3.d xdg

exports login.defs rc4.d xinetd.d

filesystems logrotate.d rc5.d yum

fstab magic rc6.d yum.conf

gcrypt modules-load.d redhat-release yum.repos.d

gnupg motd resolv.conf

groff mtab rpc

我们可以看到，CentOS 容器已经被启动，并且我们得到了 bash 提示符。在 docker 命令中我们使用了 "-i 捕获标准输入输出"和 "-t 分配一个终端或控制台"选项。若要断开与容器的连接，输入 exit。

[root@5d841f64f6f0 /]# exit

Exit

我们还可以搜索基于 mono的容器。 发现已经有非常多的mono容器，我们开始玩docker mono。

[root@Mono ~]# docker search mono

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 24 [OK]

akoeplinger/mono-aspnetvnext Image containing everything needed to play... 14 [OK]

monokrome/wine 4 [OK]

monokrome/node 3 [OK]

friism/mono 2 [OK]

benhall/docker-mono Docker file at https://github.com/Ben Hall/... 2

devdiv/ubuntu-mono 1

nacyot/fsharp-mono 1 [OK]

caseyjbenko/docker-mono 1 [OK]

nacyot/csharp-mono 1 [OK]

rexm/mono-docker 1 [OK]

prozachj/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 1 [OK]

clarktlaugh/mono 0 [OK]

marcells/mono 0 [OK]

seif/docker-mono-fastcgi-nginx 0 [OK]

fghedin/docker-mono 0 [OK]

shaunol/mono-owin-webapi 0 [OK]

seif/mono-runit 0 [OK]

timefairy/debian-mono 0 [OK]

shaunol/learning-mono 0 [OK]

rmacdonaldsmith/docker-debian-mono-devel 0 [OK]

misakai/mono Mono and LLVM on Debian 0

bryanayers/centos7-mono-snapshot 0 [OK]

fghedin/docker-mono-hello 0 [OK]

acazau/docker-mono 0 [OK]

andmos/mono Baseimage for Mono-runtime. 0

eflab/mono 0

jbonhag/mono-hosting-wcf 0 [OK]

thachmai/mono-complete 0 [OK]

andrefernandes/docker-mono 0 [OK]

mikehadlow/ubuntu-monoxide-mono-devel 0 [OK]

allunite/mono-base Ubuntu with Mono base image 0

wimperdt/mono-in-docker 0 [OK]

ahmet/docker-mono-build 0 [OK]

pmcgrath/mono 0

allunite/buildimage-mono Drone.io build image for mono apps 0

tomrijntjes/monoculture 0 [OK]

pjvds/mono 0

basecrm/mono 0

monokrome/btsync 0 [OK]

basespace/mono 0

robzhu/mono 0

monokrome/zmq 0 [OK]

bowery/mono 0

wbonner/unity-mono 0

wayneo/mono 0

rwentzel/ubuntu-mono Ubuntu 13.04 with Mono 3.2.3 0

scottrudy/mono 0

haaf/mono-baseline A Mono 3.8 baseline with F# installed . So... 0

monokrome/minecraft 0 [OK]

bryanayers/centos7-mono3.10.0 0 [OK]

tilde/mono 0

junsuzuki/mono 0

virkokka/mono-fsharp Ubuntu 14.04 with mono and F# 0

pcherng/phasingapp-mono-dev 0

bryanayers/centos7-mono3.8.0 0 [OK]

monokrome/gitreceive 0 [OK]

kolektiv/mono 0

octohost/mono 0

leptonix/mono 0

monokrome/azure-cli 0 [OK]

monokrome/renderize 0 [OK]

monokrome/gitolite 0 [OK]

paulbrennan/mono 0

monokrome/sshd 0 [OK]

basespace/centos-mono 0

monokrome/nibbler 0 [OK]

saltosystems/mono-xsp4-app 0

clintonalee/centos6-mono 0

endeavour/nginx-mono 0

monokrome/chat 0 [OK]

armbuild/crosbymichael-mono 0

jpina/centos-mono 0

bjornno/mono-phonebook 0

pcherng/jellyfish-mono 0

petee/centos-mono 0

menziesbenwiles/test-mono 0

nyasara/azurepymono A base ubuntu image with Mono, Azure SDK f... 0 [OK]

allanlei/mono-fastcgi-server2 0

petee/centos-mono-2.10.2 0

nyasara/monobase Adds Azure SDK and IronPython to a mo no image 0

hack13/mono310 opensuse mono 3.10 0

originalsurfmex/monode development sandbox (uses 8080): node , exp... 0

jgarverick/monocent Linux image with Mono framework pre-i nstalled 0

pgrm/mono_baseimage 0

pcherng/puma00-14-07-09-mono 0

jgarverick/monodeb 0

azraelrabbit/monup mono opt for jexus web server 0 [OK]

afilimonov/hcci-solr 0 [OK]

afilimonov/docker-solr 0 [OK]

fireantik/fireantmonodocker 0 [OK]

monolive/centos 0

monofraps/centos65-base 0

callumelgrant/docker-mono-aspnetvnext 0 [OK]

seif/mono Debian based mono container using xam arin ... 0 [OK]

smartprocure/mono 0 [OK]

jamesottaway/mono Mono is an open source implementation of M... 0 [OK]

cuda/mono Mono latest release container based o n Ubu... 0 [OK]

crosbymichael/mono 0 [OK]

derekslager/mono 0 [OK]

shaunol/centos-mono 0 [OK]

matsprea/mono-aspnetvnext Repository with MONO and the Asp.Net vnext... 0 [OK]

djsell/mono 0 [OK]

andystanton/exec-mono 0 [OK]

ndelitski/mono 0 [OK]

[root@Mono ~]#

下载Mono的 docker镜像

[root@Mono ~]# docker pull mono

mono:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified

f10807909bc5: Pull complete

f6fab3b798be: Pull complete

3c43ebb7883b: Pull complete

7a1f8e485667: Pull complete

a342319da8ea: Pull complete

3774d7ea06a6: Pull complete

9da8fc8d2ff5: Pull complete

511136ea3c5a: Already exists

Status: Downloaded newer image for mono:latest

[root@Mono ~]#

使用docker运行mono

[root@Mono ~]# docker run -i -t mono bash

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root@66f9d4b4c73b:/# mono -V

Mono JIT compiler version 3.10.0 (tarball Wed Nov 5 12:50:04 UTC 2014)

Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com

TLS: __thread

SIGSEGV: altstack

Notifications: epoll

Architecture: amd64

Disabled: none

Misc: softdebug

LLVM: supported, not enabled.

GC: sgen

root@66f9d4b4c73b:/#