redhat enterprise linux 5下apache部署及简单的配置过程

实验环境 VMware 6.5.2 + redhat enterprise linux 5

及此前做完的DNS服务

实验开始】

我的内核版本

windows系统发布一个建易得网页可以选择IIS ，安装并不困难，linux下则可以选择apache ，

www服务遵循http协议，使用http超文本标记语言故

apache的守护进程名 httpd

apache的默认端口 80

相关文件 /etc/httpd/

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 配置文件

挂镜像安装apache 所需的rpm包

cd /m[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom

[root@localhost cdrom]# cd Server

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-

httpd-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm httpd-manual-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm

httpd-devel-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm

warning: httpd-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

package httpd-2.2.3-11.el5 is already installed

[root@localhost Server]#

此包已经装过

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-devel-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm

warning: httpd-devel-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

error: Failed dependencies:

apr-devel is needed by httpd-devel-2.2.3-11.el5.i386

apr-util-devel is needed by httpd-devel-2.2.3-11.el5.i386

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh apr-devel-1.2.7-11.i386.rpm

warning: apr-devel-1.2.7-11.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:apr-devel ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]#

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh apr-util-devel-1.2.7-6.i386.rpm

warning: apr-util-devel-1.2.7-6.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:apr-util-devel ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]#

注意依赖关系

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh httpd-manual-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm

warning: httpd-manual-2.2.3-11.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

package httpd-manual-2.2.3-11.el5 is already installed

[root@localhost Server]#

安装完毕

[root@localhost Server]#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

apache的配置文件很长是要有点耐心的

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the

这是Apache服务器的主要配置文件

# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

# See <URL:[url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/>[/url] for detailed information.

# In particular, see

# <URL:[url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>[/url]

# for a discussion of each configuration directive.

# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure

# consult the online docs. You have been warned.

# The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:

# 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a

# whole (the 'global environment').

# 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,

# which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.

# These directives also provide default values for the settings

# of all virtual hosts.

# 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to

# different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the

# same Apache server process.

配置和日志文件的名称

# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many

# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the

# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin

# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log"

# with ServerRoot set to "/etc/httpd" will be interpreted by the

# server as "/etc/httpd/logs/foo.log".

### Section 1: Global Environment

# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,

# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it

# can find its configuration files.

# Don't give away too much information about all the subcomponents

# we are running. Comment out this line if you don't mind remote sites

# finding out what major optional modules you are running

ServerTokens OS

当服务器响应主机头（header）信息时显示Apache 的版本和操作系统名称

# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's

# configuration, error, and log files are kept.

# NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)

# mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation

# (available at <URL:[url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>[/url]);

# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.

# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

服务器根目录

# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process

# identification number when it starts.

PidFile run/httpd.pid

设置运行Apache 时使用的PidFile 的路径

# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.

Timeout 120

超时时间

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than

# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

KeepAlive Off

使用保持连接的功能关闭（建议打开）

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow

# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.

# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

在使用保持连接功能时，设置客户一次请求连接能响应文件的最大上限

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the

# same client on the same connection.

KeepAliveTimeout 15

在使用保持连接功能时，两个相邻的连接的时间间隔超过15 秒，就切断连接

## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific)

设置使用prefork MPM 运行方式的参数

# prefork MPM

# StartServers: number of server processes to start

# MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare

# MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare

# ServerLimit: maximum value for MaxClients for the lifetime of the server

# MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start

# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves

StartServers 8

一开始就有八个进程

MinSpareServers 5

最少可以同时有五个

MaxSpareServers 20

进程到了20的时候就逐一删除

ServerLimit 256

服务器极限

MaxClients 256

最多有多少客户端

MaxRequestsPerChild 4000

限制每个子进程在结束处理请求之前能处理的连接请求为 4000

</IfModule>

# worker MPM

# StartServers: initial number of server processes to start

# MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections

# MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare

# MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare

# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process

# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves

StartServers 2

MaxClients 150

MinSpareThreads 25

MaxSpareThreads 75

ThreadsPerChild 25

MaxRequestsPerChild 0

</IfModule>

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

# ports, in addition to the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

# directive.

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80

Listen 80

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

动态加载模块

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the

# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.

# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need

# to be loaded here.

# Example:

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so

LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so

LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so

LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so

LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so

LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so

LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so

LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so

LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so

LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so

LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so

LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so

LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so

LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so

LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so

LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so

LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so

LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so

LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so

LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so

LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so

LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so

LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so

LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so

LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so

LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so

LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so

LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so

LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so

LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so

LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so

LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so

LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so

LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so

LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so

LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so

LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so

LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so

LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so

LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so

LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so

LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so

LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so

LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so

LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so

LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so

LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so

LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so

LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so

# The following modules are not loaded by default:

#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so

#LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so

加载配置文件的配置目录

# Load config files from the config directory "/etc/httpd/conf.d".

Include conf.d/*.conf

# ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status

# information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus

# Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off.

#ExtendedStatus On

# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run

# httpd as root initially and it will switch.

# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.

# . On SCO (ODT 3) use "User nouser" and "Group nogroup".

# . On HPUX you may not be able to use shared memory as nobody, and the

# suggested workaround is to create a user www and use that user.

# NOTE that some kernels refuse to setgid(Group) or semctl(IPC_SET)

# when the value of (unsigned)Group is above 60000;

# don't use Group #-1 on these systems!

运行apache服务器的用户和组

User apache

Group apache

### Section 2: 'Main' server configuration

第二部分，主服务器配置

# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'

# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a

# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for

# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.

# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,

# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

# virtual host being defined.

# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be

# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such

# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com

ServerAdmin root@localhost

apache

服务器管理员邮箱的ip地址

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

# If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated

# redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive.

# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

# You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make

# redirections work in a sensible way.

#ServerName [url]www.example.com:80[/url]

# UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing

# URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables.

# When set "Off", Apache will use the Hostname and Port supplied

# by the client. When set "On", Apache will use the value of the

# ServerName directive.

UseCanonicalName Off

使用正式名称关

# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your

# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but

# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

根文档路径

# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect

# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that

# directory (and its subdirectories).

# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of

# features.

根访问权限

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

</Directory>

# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow

# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as

# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it

# below.

# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.

可以改为你要设置的目录（慎重）

# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",

# or any combination of:

# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"

# doesn't give it to you.

# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see

# [url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options[/url]

# for more information.

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

选择指标的跟踪符号链接

# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

AllowOverride None

允许覆盖无

# Controls who can get stuff from this server.

指定先执行允许访问规则在执行拒绝访问规则

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

允许所有连接

</Directory>

# UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home

# directory if a ~user request is received.

# The path to the end user account 'public_html' directory must be

# accessible to the webserver userid. This usually means that ~userid

# must have permissions of 711, ~userid/public_html must have permissions

# of 755, and documents contained therein must be world-readable.

# Otherwise, the client will only receive a "403 Forbidden" message.

# See also: [url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html#forbidden[/url]

不允许每用户的服务器配置

# UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence

# of a username on the system (depending on home directory

# permissions).

UserDir disable

# To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html

# directory, remove the "UserDir disable" line above, and uncomment

# the following line instead:

#UserDir public_html

</IfModule>

# Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example

# for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.

#<Directory /home/*/public_html>

# AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

# Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec

# <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>

# Order allow,deny

# Allow from all

# </Limit>

# <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>

# Order deny,allow

# Deny from all

# </LimitExcept>

#</Directory>

# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

# is requested.

# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-

# negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the

# same purpose, but it is much slower.

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var

当访问服务器时，依次查找页面index.html、index.html.var

# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory

# for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride

# directive.

AccessFileName .htaccess

指定保护目录配置文件的名称

?lowing lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being

# viewed by Web clients.

拒绝访问以.ht 开头的文件，即保证.htaccess 不被访问

Order allow,deny

Deny from all

</Files>

# TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is

# to be found.

TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

指定负责处理MIME 对应格式的配置文件的存放位置

# DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document

# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.

# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is

# a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications

# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to

# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are

# text.

指定默认的MIME 文件类型为纯文本或HTML 文件

DefaultType text/plain

# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the

# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile

# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.

当mod_mime_magic.c 模块被加载时，指定magic信息码配置文件的存放位置

# MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime

MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses

# e.g., [url]www.apache.org[/url] (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).

# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people

# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that

# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the

# nameserver.

HostnameLookups Off

只记录连接Apache 服务器的IP 地址，而不记录主机名

# EnableMMAP: Control whether memory-mapping is used to deliver

# files (assuming that the underlying OS supports it).

# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted

# filesystems. On some systems, turning it off (regardless of

# filesystem) can improve performance; for details, please see

# [url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#enablemmap[/url]

#EnableMMAP off

# EnableSendfile: Control whether the sendfile kernel support is

# used to deliver files (assuming that the OS supports it).

# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted

# filesystems. Please see

# [url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#enablesendfile[/url]

#EnableSendfile off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.

# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>

# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be

# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>

# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.

ErrorLog logs/error_log

错误日志存放位置

# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

指定记录的错误信息的详细等级为warn 级别

# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with

# a CustomLog directive (see below).

几种记录日志的格式

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer

LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# "combinedio" includes actual counts of actual bytes received (%I) and sent (%O); this

# requires the mod_logio module to be loaded.

#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).

# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>

# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*

# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be

# logged therein and *not* in this file.

#CustomLog logs/access_log common

# If you would like to have separate agent and referer logfiles, uncomment

# the following directives.

#CustomLog logs/referer_log referer

#CustomLog logs/agent_log agent

# For a single logfile with access, agent, and referer information

# (Combined Logfile Format), use the following directive:

CustomLog logs/access_log combined

指定访问日志记录格式并指定存放位置

# Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host

# name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory

# listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated

# documents or custom error documents).

# Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.

# Set to one of: On | Off | EMail

ServerSignature On

设置Apache 自己产生的页面中使用Apache 服务器版本的签名

# Aliases: Add here as many aliases as you need (with no limit). The format is

# Alias fakename realname

# Note that if you include a trailing / on fakename then the server will

# require it to be present in the URL. So "/icons" isn't aliased in this

# example, only "/icons/". If the fakename is slash-terminated, then the

# realname must also be slash terminated, and if the fakename omits the

# trailing slash, the realname must also omit it.

# We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings. If you

# do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out.

内容协商目录访问别名

Alias /icons/ "/var/www/icons/"

apache手册访问别名

Options Indexes MultiViews

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

# WebDAV module configuration section.

WebDAV的模块配置

指定DAV 加锁数据库存放位置

# Location of the WebDAV lock database.

DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb

</IfModule>

# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.

# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that

# documents in the realname directory are treated as applications and

# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the client.

# The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias directives as to

# Alias.

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased

# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.

AllowOverride None

Options None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

# Redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in

# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. This allows you to tell the

# clients where to look for the relocated document.

# Example:

# Redirect permanent /foo [url]http://www.example.com/bar[/url]

# Directives controlling the display of server-generated directory listings.

# IndexOptions: Controls the appearance of server-generated directory

# listings.

IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort Name HTMLTable

# AddIcon* directives tell the server which icon to show for different

# files or filename extensions. These are only displayed for

# FancyIndexed directories.

AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip

按类型添加图标

AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/*

AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/*

AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/*

AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/*

AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe

AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx

AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar

AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv

AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip

AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps

AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf

AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt

AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c

AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py

AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for

AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi

AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu

AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl

AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex

AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core

AddIcon /icons/back.gif ..

AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README

AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^

AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^

# DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon

# explicitly set.

DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif

# AddDescription allows you to place a short description after a file in

# server-generated indexes. These are only displayed for FancyIndexed

# directories.

# Format: AddDescription "description" filename

#AddDescription "GZIP compressed document" .gz

#AddDescription "tar archive" .tar

#AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz

# ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by

# default, and append to directory listings.

# HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to

# directory indexes.

ReadmeName README.html

HeaderName HEADER.html

# IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore

# and not include in the listing. Shell-style wildcarding is permitted.

IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t

# DefaultLanguage and AddLanguage allows you to specify the language of

# a document. You can then use content negotiation to give a browser a

# file in a language the user can understand.

# Specify a default language. This means that all data

# going out without a specific language tag (see below) will

# be marked with this one. You probably do NOT want to set

# this unless you are sure it is correct for all cases.

# * It is generally better to not mark a page as

# * being a certain language than marking it with the wrong

# * language!

# DefaultLanguage nl

# Note 1: The suffix does not have to be the same as the language

# keyword --- those with documents in Polish (whose net-standard

# language code is pl) may wish to use "AddLanguage pl .po" to

# avoid the ambiguity with the common suffix for perl scripts.

# Note 2: The example entries below illustrate that in some cases

# the two character 'Language' abbreviation is not identical to

# the two character 'Country' code for its country,

# E.g. 'Danmark/dk' versus 'Danish/da'.

# Note 3: In the case of 'ltz' we violate the RFC by using a three char

# specifier. There is 'work in progress' to fix this and get

# the reference data for rfc1766 cleaned up.

# Catalan (ca) - Croatian (hr) - Czech (cs) - Danish (da) - Dutch (nl)

# English (en) - Esperanto (eo) - Estonian (et) - French (fr) - German (de)

# Greek-Modern (el) - Hebrew (he) - Italian (it) - Japanese (ja)

# Korean (ko) - Luxembourgeois* (ltz) - Norwegian Nynorsk (nn)

# Norwegian (no) - Polish (pl) - Portugese (pt)

# Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR) - Russian (ru) - Swedish (sv)

# Simplified Chinese (zh-CN) - Spanish (es) - Traditional Chinese (zh-TW)

对中文网页以下几项无实际意义

AddLanguage ca .ca

AddLanguage cs .cz .cs

AddLanguage da .dk

AddLanguage de .de

AddLanguage el .el

AddLanguage en .en

AddLanguage eo .eo

AddLanguage es .es

AddLanguage et .et

AddLanguage fr .fr

AddLanguage he .he

AddLanguage hr .hr

AddLanguage it .it

AddLanguage ja .ja

AddLanguage ko .ko

AddLanguage ltz .ltz

AddLanguage nl .nl

AddLanguage nn .nn

AddLanguage no .no

AddLanguage pl .po

AddLanguage pt .pt

AddLanguage pt-BR .pt-br

AddLanguage ru .ru

AddLanguage sv .sv

AddLanguage zh-CN .zh-cn

AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw

# LanguagePriority allows you to give precedence to some languages

# in case of a tie during content negotiation.

# Just list the languages in decreasing order of preference. We have

# more or less alphabetized them here. You probably want to change this.

LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv zh-CN zh-TW

# ForceLanguagePriority allows you to serve a result page rather than

# MULTIPLE CHOICES (Prefer) [in case of a tie] or NOT ACCEPTABLE (Fallback)

# [in case no accepted languages matched the available variants]

ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback

# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables

# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the

# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags

# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this

# directive:

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

默认字符集 UTF-8

# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration

# file mime.types for specific file types.

#AddType application/x-tar .tgz

添加新的MIME类型

# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress

# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.

# Despite the name similarity, the following Add* directives have nothing

# to do with the FancyIndexing customization directives above.

#AddEncoding x-compress .Z

#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you

# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:

AddType application/x-compress .Z

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":

# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server

# or added with the Action directive (see below)

# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:

# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)

#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

对部分扩展名的处理方式

# For files that include their own HTTP headers:

#AddHandler send-as-is asis

# For type maps (negotiated resources):

# (This is enabled by default to allow the Apache "It Worked" page

# to be distributed in multiple languages.)

AddHandler type-map var

# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.

# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):

使用过滤器执行ssi

# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)

AddType text/html .shtml

AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

错误页面目录的别名

# Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever

# a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL

# pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors.

# Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location

# Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location

# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:

# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects

# Some examples:

#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."

#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html

#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"

#ErrorDocument 402 [url]http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html[/url]

# Putting this all together, we can internationalize error responses.

# We use Alias to redirect any /error/HTTP_<error>.html.var response to

# our collection of by-error message multi-language collections. We use

# includes to substitute the appropriate text.

# You can modify the messages' appearance without changing any of the

# default HTTP_<error>.html.var files by adding the line:

# Alias /error/include/ "/your/include/path/"

# which allows you to create your own set of files by starting with the

# /var/www/error/include/ files and

# copying them to /your/include/path/, even on a per-VirtualHost basis.

Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/"

设置/var/www/error/的访问权限

AllowOverride None

Options IncludesNoExec

AddOutputFilter Includes html

AddHandler type-map var

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

LanguagePriority en es de fr

ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback

</Directory>

# ErrorDocument 400 /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var

# ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var

# ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var

# ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var

# ErrorDocument 405 /error/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html.var

# ErrorDocument 408 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html.var

# ErrorDocument 410 /error/HTTP_GONE.html.var

# ErrorDocument 411 /error/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html.var

# ErrorDocument 412 /error/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html.var

# ErrorDocument 413 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html.var

# ErrorDocument 414 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html.var

# ErrorDocument 415 /error/HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html.var

# ErrorDocument 500 /error/HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html.var

# ErrorDocument 501 /error/HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html.var

# ErrorDocument 502 /error/HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY.html.var

# ErrorDocument 503 /error/HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html.var

# ErrorDocument 506 /error/HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html.var

错误页面的输出显示

</IfModule>

# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior to

# handle known problems with browser implementations.

BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive

BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0

BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0

BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0

# The following directive disables redirects on non-GET requests for

# a directory that does not include the trailing slash. This fixes a

# problem with Microsoft WebFolders which does not appropriately handle

# redirects for folders with DAV methods.

# Same deal with Apple's DAV filesystem and Gnome VFS support for DAV.

BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "MS FrontPage" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully

BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully

浏览器配置

# Allow server status reports generated by mod_status,

# with the URL of [url]http://servername/server-status[/url]

# Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable.

#<Location /server-status>

# SetHandler server-status

# Order deny,allow

# Deny from all

# Allow from .example.com

#</Location>

# Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of

# [url]http://servername/server-info[/url] (requires that mod_info.c be loaded).

# Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable.

#<Location /server-info>

# SetHandler server-info

# Order deny,allow

# Deny from all

# Allow from .example.com

#</Location>

# Proxy Server directives. Uncomment the following lines to

# enable the proxy server:

#<IfModule mod_proxy.c>

#ProxyRequests On

#<Proxy *>

# Order deny,allow

# Deny from all

# Allow from .example.com

#</Proxy>

# Enable/disable the handling of HTTP/1.1 "Via:" headers.

# ("Full" adds the server version; "Block" removes all outgoing Via: headers)

# Set to one of: Off | On | Full | Block

#ProxyVia On

# To enable a cache of proxied content, uncomment the following lines.

# See [url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_cache.html[/url] for more details.

#<IfModule mod_disk_cache.c>

# CacheEnable disk /

# CacheRoot "/var/cache/mod_proxy"

#</IfModule>

# End of proxy directives.

### Section 3: Virtual Hosts

第三部分虚拟主机

# VirtualHost: If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your

# machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations

# use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about

# IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below.

# Please see the documentation at

# <URL:[url]http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/>[/url]

# for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts.

# You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host

# configuration.

# Use name-based virtual hosting.

#NameVirtualHost *:80

# NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier

# (e.g. :80) if mod_ssl is being used, due to the nature of the

# SSL protocol.

# VirtualHost example:

# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.

# The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known

# server name.

#<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com 管理员邮箱

# DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com 网页保存的主目录

# ServerName dummy-host.example.com

# ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log 错误日志

# CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common 自定义日志

#</VirtualHost>

下一步我们到/var/www/html下新建一个index.html的文件

[root@localhost Server]# cd /var

[root@localhost var]# ls

account cvs games local mail opt run tux

cache db gdm lock named preserve spool www

crash empty lib log nis racoon tmp yp

[root@localhost var]# cd www

[root@localhost www]# ls

cgi-bin error html icons manual usage

[root@localhost www]# cd html

[root@localhost html]# ls

[root@localhost html]# vi index.html

随便输入点什么东西

保存退出

[root@localhost html]# service httpd restart

停止 httpd： [失败]

启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@localhost html]#

重启服务

打开浏览器访问一下试试

成功发布

用域名访问一下试试，成功

下面我们在做个DNS解析加个sina 过程不在此细说

[root@localhost named]# nslookup [url]www.sina.com[/url]

Server: 127.0.0.1

Address: 127.0.0.1#53

Name: [url]www.sina.com[/url]

Address: 192.168.0.5

[root@localhost named]# nslookup [url]www.abc.com[/url]

Server: 127.0.0.1

Address: 127.0.0.1#53

Name: [url]www.abc.com[/url]

Address: 192.168.0.5

[root@localhost named]# nslookup 192.168.0.5

Server: 127.0.0.1

Address: 127.0.0.1#53

5.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = [url]www.abc.com.[/url]

5.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = [url]www.sina.com.[/url]

[root@localhost named]#

确保能正确解析后

我们来尝试着做一下虚拟主机

[root@localhost named]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

972 NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.5 （基于名字的虚拟主机）删除# 意为启用

ServerAdmin webmaster@abc.com

DocumentRoot /tmp/www.abc

ServerName [url]www.abc.com[/url]

ErrorLog logs/abc.com-error_log

CustomLog logs/abc.com-access_log common

</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin webmaster@sina.com

DocumentRoot /tmp/www.sina

ServerName [url]www.sina.com[/url]

ErrorLog logs/sina.com-error_log

CustomLog logs/sina.com-access_log common

</VirtualHost>

原来内容不变添加内容如上，保存退出

[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir [url]www.sina[/url]

[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir [url]www.abc[/url]

[root@localhost tmp]# cd [url]www.sina[/url]

[root@localhost [url]www.sina[/url]]# vi index.html

保存退出

[root@localhost [url]www.sina[/url]]# cd ..

[root@localhost tmp]# cd [url]www.abc[/url]

[root@localhost [url]www.abc[/url]]# vi index.html

随便输入点什么内容，能分出来就行

[root@localhost [url]www.abc[/url]]# service httpd restart

停止 httpd： [确定]

启动 httpd：[Fri May 01 22:30:46 2009] [warn] VirtualHost 192.168.0.5:0 overlaps with VirtualHost 192.168.0.5:0, the first has precedence, perhaps you need a NameVirtualHost directive

[确定]

[root@localhost [url]www.abc[/url]]#

ok [url]www.abc.com[/url] 已经解析出来

(责任编辑：IT)

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