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硬盘监控和分析工具:Smartctl

时间:2015-01-17 15:26来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT

Smartctl(S.M.A.R.T 自监控,分析和报告技术)是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具,它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志,启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测,以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用,在这些服务器上,可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查,并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中,我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl,请按以下步骤来安装。

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu


  1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL


  1. # yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu


  1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL


  1. # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例:1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
  6. Model Family:  Seagate Momentus 5400.6
  7. Device Model: ST9320325AS
  8. Serial Number:  5VD2V59T
  9. LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
  10. Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
  11. User Capacity:  320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
  12. Sector Size:  512 bytes logical/physical
  13. Rotation Rate:  5400 rpm
  14. Device is:  In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
  15. ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
  16. SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
  17. Local Time is:  Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
  18. SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
  19. SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例:2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  6. SMART Enabled.

样例:3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off  /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  6. SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例:4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb  // For IDE drive
  2. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb  // For SATA drive

样例:5 显示磁盘总体健康状况


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H  /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
  7. Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
  8. Please note the following marginal Attributes:
  9. ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  10. 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022  067  045  045  Old_age  Always  In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

样例:6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  6. Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  7. Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  8. Testing has begun.
  9. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
  10. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
  11.  
  12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者,我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件,就像下面这样


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  6. Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  7. Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  8. Testing has begun.
  9. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
  10. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
  11.  
  12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意:short测试将花费最多2分钟,而在long测试中没有时间限制,因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例:7 查看驱动器的自检结果


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
  7. Num  Test_Description  Status  Remaining  LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
  8. # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
  9. # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例:8 计算测试时间估值


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c  /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4.  
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. General SMART Values:
  7. Offline data collection status:  (0x00)  Offline data collection activity
  8. was never started.
  9. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
  10. Self-test execution status:  ( 121)  The previous self-test completed having
  11. the read element of the test failed.
  12. Total time to complete Offline
  13. data collection:  (  0) seconds.
  14. Offline data collection
  15. capabilities:  (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
  16. Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
  17. Suspend Offline collection upon new
  18. command.
  19. No Offline surface scan supported.
  20. Self-test supported.
  21. Conveyance Self-test supported.
  22. Selective Self-test supported.
  23. SMART capabilities:  (0x0003)  Saves SMART data before entering
  24. power-saving mode.
  25. Supports SMART auto save timer.
  26. Error logging capability:  (0x01)  Error logging supported.
  27. General Purpose Logging supported.
  28. Short self-test routine 
  29. recommended polling time:  (  1) minutes.
  30. Extended self-test routine
  31. recommended polling time:  ( 102) minutes.
  32. Conveyance self-test routine
  33. recommended polling time:  (  2) minutes.
  34. SCT capabilities:  (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
  35. SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
  36. SCT Feature Control supported.
  37. SCT Data Table supported.

样例:9 显示磁盘错误日志


  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error  /dev/sdb
  2.  
  3. Sample Output
  4.  
  5. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  6. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  7.  
  8. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  9. SMART Error Log Version: 1
  10. ATA Error Count: 5
  11. CR = Command Register [HEX]
  12. FR = Features Register [HEX]
  13. SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
  14. SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
  15. CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
  16. CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
  17. DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
  18. DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
  19. ER = Error register [HEX]
  20. ST = Status register [HEX]
  21. Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
  22. DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
  23. SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
  24.  
  25. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  26. CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  27. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  28. 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00  00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
  29. 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00  00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
  30. 25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00  00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
  31. 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00  00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
  32. 25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00  00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT





(责任编辑:IT)
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