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Nginx安装及反向代理配置(简述)

时间:2015-02-28 00:02来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT
1.        Nginx介绍
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器,其兼具apache和squid代理服务器的一款高性能、低消耗的开源服务,具有很好的研究价值。Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,第一个公开版本0.1.0发布于2004年10月4日。其将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布,因它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。
         注:本文只对安装和反向代理做简单介绍便于相关人员对Nginx有一个简单的认识,更详细的配置及优化请查阅相关资料,参考文献http://www.nginx.cn等
2.        安装环境准备1)         两台设备分别用作Nginx服务器和被代理服务器(比如启动一个apache服务)
2)         Linux RedHat 5.4(2.6内核均可)
3)         安装包nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
4)         环境库文件zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz, pcre-8.21.tar.gz(可选,视环境情况选择安装,高版本的pcre对正则表达能更好的支持)
 
注:安装包可到http://www.nginx.cn/nginx-download进行选择下载;
3.        安装步骤1)         上传安装包、库文件等至Nginx服务器;
2)         tar xzvf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz;cd nginx-1.2.3
3)         ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
#默认安装的路径是/usr/local/nginx
更多的安装配置 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--with-openssl=/usr/include (
启用ssl) 
--with-pcre=/usr/include/pcre/ (
启用正规表达式
--with-http_stub_status_module (
安装可以查看nginx状态的程序
--with-http_memcached_module (
启用memcache缓存
--with-http_rewrite_module (
启用支持url重写)
4)         make&&make install
4.        安装目录介绍安装目录PREFIX=/usr/local/nginx
配置文件 PREFIX/conf/nginx.conf
执行文件 PREFIX/sbin/nginx
日志文件 PREFIX/logs/
文档目录 PREFIX/html/
 
5.        启动/停止Nginx服务Ø  启动:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx &
Ø  关闭:killall -9 nginx
 
注:可将nginx添加至系统服务采用serivce nginx start/restart/stop来启动/重启/停止nginx服务,可查阅相关/init.d文献;
6.        Nginx基本配置配置项介绍如下,具体配置可参考实例附件nginx.conf;
#运行用户
user  nobody nobody;
#启动进程
worker_processes  5;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log  logs/error.log notice;
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events {
  #工作模式有:select(标准模式),poll(标准模式),kqueue(高效模式,适用FreeBSD 4.1+, OpenBSD 2.9+, NetBSD 2.0 and MacOS X),
  #epoll(高效模式,本例用的。适用Linux 2.6+,SuSE 8.2,),/dev/poll(高效模式,适用Solaris 7 11/99+, HP/UX 11.22+ (eventport), IRIX 6.5.15+ 和Tru64 UNIX 5.1A+)
  use epoll;
  worker_connections      1024;
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
  #设定mime类型
  include      conf/mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  #设定日志格式
  log_format main        '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                         '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
                         '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
                         '"$gzip_ratio"';
  log_format download    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                         '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
                         '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
                         '"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"';
  #设定请求缓冲
  client_header_buffer_size    10k;
  large_client_header_buffers  4 4k;
  
  #开启gzip模块,要求安装gzip 在运行./config时要指定
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1100;
  gzip_buffers    4 8k;
  gzip_types      text/plain;
  output_buffers  1 32k;
  postpone_output  1460;
  
  #设定访问日志
  access_log  logs/access.log  main;
  client_header_timeout  3m;
  client_body_timeout    3m;
  send_timeout          3m;
  sendfile                on;
  tcp_nopush              on;
  tcp_nodelay            on;
  keepalive_timeout  65;
  
  #设定负载均衡的服务器列表
  upstream backserver {
  #weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大
  #本例是指在同一台服务器,多台服务器改变ip即可
  server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=5;
  server 127.0.0.1:8082;
  server 127.0.0.1:8083;
  }
  #设定虚拟主机,默认为监听80端口,改成其他端口会出现问题
  server {
    listen         80;
    server_name    test.com www.test.com;
    charset utf8;
    #设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
    access_log  logs/test.com.log  main;
    #如果访问 /images/*, /js/*, /css/* 资源,则直接取本地文件,不用转发。但如果文件较多效果不是太好。
    location ~ ^/(images|js|css)/  {
        root    /usr/local/testweb;
        expires 30m;
    }
    
    #对 "/" 启用负载均衡
    location / {
       proxy_pass      http://backserver;
       proxy_redirect          off;
       proxy_set_header        Host $host;
       proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
       proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
       client_max_body_size    10m;
       client_body_buffer_size 128k;
       proxy_connect_timeout  90;
       proxy_send_timeout      90;
       proxy_read_timeout      90;
       proxy_buffer_size      4k;
       proxy_buffers          4 32k;
       proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
       proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
    }
    #设定查看Nginx状态的地址,在运行./config 要指定,默认是不安装的。
    location /NginxStatus {
       stub_status            on;
       access_log              on;
       auth_basic              "NginxStatus";
       #是否要通过用户名和密码访问,测试时可以不加上。conf/htpasswd 文件的内容用 apache 提供的 htpasswd 工具来产生即可       
       #auth_basic_user_file  conf/htpasswd;
    }
}
7.        附件nginx.conf红色需重点关注;该配置文件分别对原始服务器http://122.193.14.88和http://218.108.85.62:8808的服务进行反向代理同时识别文件的后缀名称.ts的文件进行代理并缓存其他只代理不缓存,缓存文件在/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/;
 
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
 
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
 
 
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
    #gzip  on;
 
    ## Proxy options
    proxy_buffering on;
    proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
    proxy_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/ levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache:10m inactive=10m max_size=1000M;
    proxy_cache_valid any 10m;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort off;
    proxy_intercept_errors on;
    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
    proxy_connect_timeout 60;
    proxy_send_timeout 60;
    proxy_read_timeout 60;
    ## Backend servers (web1 is the primary and web2 will come up if web1 is down)
    upstream webbackend {
        server web1.domain.lan weight=10 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server web2.domain.lan weight=1 backup;
    }
    server {
        listen       8011;
        server_name  localhost;
 
        #charset koi8-r;
 
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
        access_log  logs/access.log;
 
        #location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #}
         location / {
                   #proxy_pass http://122.193.14.88;
                   proxy_pass http://xx:8808;
                   #proxy_cache cache;
                   #proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;
                   #proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                   #proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
         }
         location ~ \.ts$ {
                   #proxy_pass http://122.193.xx.xx;
                   proxy_pass http://ip:8808;
                   proxy_cache cache;
                proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;
                proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
         }
         ## All other errors get the generic error page
         error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417  500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 /50x.html;
         location = /50x.html {
         root html;
         }
        
    server {
        listen       8012;
        server_name  localhost;
 
        #charset koi8-r;
 
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
        access_log  logs/access2.log;
 
        #location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #}
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://122.193.xx.xx;
                #proxy_pass http://ip:8808;
                #proxy_cache cache;
                #proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;
                #proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                #proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
        }
        location ~ \.ts$ {
                proxy_pass http://122.193.xx;
                #proxy_pass http://ip2:8808;
                proxy_cache cache;
                proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;
                proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
        }
        ## All other errors get the generic error page
        error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417  500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        root html;
        }
    }
 
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;
 
    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
 
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
}
8.        测试验证以一个服务为例,以下情况说明配置成功:
 
 
a)         正常访问http://122.193.14.xx/1.ts 可以正常读取文件,配置代理后通过http://nginx-IP:8012/1.ts可以正常读取数据并且在PREFIX/proxy_temp/有相应的缓存文件;
b)         正常访问http://122.193.14.xx/1.MP3等其他非ts文件可以正常读取文件,配置代理后通过http://nginx-IP:8012/1.mp3可以正常读取数据并且在PREFIX/proxy_temp/没有有相应的缓存文件;


(责任编辑:IT)
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