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场景说明：我的主机是windows7， 虚拟机是wmware，里面装的是linux-ubuntu10.04版本。 虚拟机的磁盘分区不够，想扩容。
1） 首先进入vm中的linux，sudo fdisk -l 列出磁盘的情况 Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders #可以看出sda硬盘共10G，1306个磁道，已经使用了1~653磁道 还有654~1306未使用 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00087bbc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 618 4959232 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 618 653 280577 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 618 653 280576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
#可以看出
2）查看现有分区的磁盘使用情况以及挂载情况 root@ubuntu:/home/nemo# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 4.7G 4.1G 410M 91% / none 119M 248K 119M 1% /dev none 123M 164K 123M 1% /dev/shm none 123M 296K 123M 1% /var/run none 123M 0 123M 0% /var/lock none 123M 0 123M 0% /lib/init/rw
可以看到现有的5G分区已经基本上被使用玩。/dev/sda1分区是被挂载在了"/"根目录下， 还剩9%的剩余容量。
2）开始把剩余的为使用的5G磁盘也分区吧，并且给其挂载一个目录 root@ubuntu:/home/nemo# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00087bbc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 618 4959232 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 618 653 280577 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 618 653 280576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l No free sectors available #上面的扩展分区已经被用完。
Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) primary partition #需要输入全称：primary partition，直接输入 p 变成了打印的命令 Partition number (1-4): 2 Partition 2 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.
Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) primary partition 3 Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (653-1305, default 653): Using default value 653 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (653-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305 #一路回车 九八剩余的未使用的分区全利用了。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00087bbc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 618 4959232 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 618 653 280577 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 653 1305 5240556+ 83 Linux /dev/sda5 618 653 280576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. root@ubuntu:/home/nemo#
注意， 1）这里虽然通过fdisk -l能看到新增的分区，但是要重启后才能写入分区表，比如这时要创建一个PV（物理卷）会提示找不到分区： 重启系统后，新的分区就能正常使用了： root@ubuntu:/home/nemo# reboot #
2）新的分区必须经过格式化之后才能挂载，否则提示mount: you must specify the filesystem type root@ubuntu:/# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 #注意，mkfs和ext4之间的符号是个“.”,而不是空格
3）可以将分区挂接到一个已存在的不为空的目录上。但挂载后这个目录下以前的内容将不可用。我们想挂到/home下，所以先备份下/home, 再挂载，挂完后再copy回来。 cd / mv /home /home2 mkdir /home mount /dev/sda3 /home cp /home2/* /home/ ok..
4）查看战果 查看各个分区的挂载目录以及分区的磁盘占用情况 root@ubuntu:/home# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 ext4 4.7G 4.1G 410M 91% / none devtmpfs 119M 252K 119M 1% /dev none tmpfs 123M 88K 123M 1% /dev/shm none tmpfs 123M 296K 123M 1% /var/run none tmpfs 123M 0 123M 0% /var/lock none tmpfs 123M 0 123M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda3 ext4 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /home #=========> 剩余4.6G， 可以放心玩啦！
2、一个分区挂载在一个已存在的目录上，这个目录可以不为空，但挂载后这个目录下以前的内容将不可用。对于其他操作系统建立的文件系统的挂载也是这样。
附： 1) 参考如下文章： Linux下的分区工具 http://bbs.bccn.net/thread-214078-1-1.html 2) root@ubuntu:/# du --max-depth=1 -h 查看当前目录的磁盘占用情况 (责任编辑：IT) |