CentOS(5.8/6.4)linux生产环境若干优化实战
时间:2015-01-17 02:35 来源:51cto.com 作者:IT
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修改ip地址、网关、主机名、DNS等
关闭selinux,清空iptables
添加普通用户并进行sudo授权管理
更新yum源及必要软件安装
定时自动更新服务器时间
精简开机自启动服务
定时自动清理/var/spool/clientmqueue/目录垃圾文件,放置inode节点被占满
变更默认的ssh服务端口,禁止root用户远程连接
锁定关键文件系统
调整文件描述符大小
调整字符集,使其支持中文
去除系统及内核版本登录前的屏幕显示
内核参数优化
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[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 #网卡名字
BOOTPROTO=static #静态IP地址获取状态 如:DHCP表示自动获取IP地址
IPADDR=192.168.1.113 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
ONBOOT=yes#引导时是否激活
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.113
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=c64 #修改主机名,重启生效
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #修改默认网关,如果上面eth0里面不配置网关的话,默认就使用这里的网关了。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=c64
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
我们也可以用 hostnamec64 来临时修改主机名,重新登录生效
修改DNS
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf #修改DNS信息
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf #查看修改后的DNS信息
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart #重启网卡,生效
重启网卡,也可以用下面的命令
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
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[root@c64 ~]# sed –i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config #修改配置文件则永久生效,但是必须要重启系统。
[root@c64 ~]# grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled #查看更改后的结果
[root@c64 ~]# setenforce 0#临时生效命令
[root@c64 ~]# getenforce #查看selinux当前状态
Permissive
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[root@c64 ~]# iptables –F #清理防火墙规则
[root@c64 ~]# iptables –L #查看防火墙规则
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[root@c64 ~]#/etc/init.d/iptables save #保存防火墙配置信息
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[root@c64 ~]# useradd sunsky
[root@c64 ~]# echo "123456"|passwd --stdin sunsky&&history –c
[root@c64 ~]# visudo
在root ALL=(ALL) ALL此行下,添加如下内容
sunsky ALL=(ALL) ALL
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[root@c64 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# /bin/mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
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[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all #清空yum缓存
[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache #建立yum缓存
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[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY* #导入签名KEY到RPM
[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# yum upgrade-y #更新系统内核到最新
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[root@c64 yum.repos.d]# yum install lrzsz ntpdate sysstat -y
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[root@c64 ~]# echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2 >&1'>>/var/spool/cron/root
[root@c64 ~]# echo '*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'>>/var/spool/cron/root
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[root@c64 ~]# for sun in `chkconfig --list|grep 3:on|awk '{print $1}'`;do chkconfig --level 3$sun off;done
[root@c64 ~]# for sun in crond rsyslog sshd network;do chkconfig --level 3 $sun on;done
[root@c64 ~]# chkconfig --list|grep 3:on
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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[root@c64 ~]# mkdir /server/scripts -p
[root@c64 ~]# vi /server/scripts/spool_clean.sh
#!/bin/sh
find/var/spool/clientmqueue/-typef -mtime +30|xargsrm-f
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[root@c64 ~]# echo '*/30 * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/spool_clean.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'>>/var/spool/cron/root
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[root@c64 ~]# cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak
[root@c64 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 52113#ssh连接默认的端口
PermitRootLogin no #root用户黑客都知道,禁止它远程登录
PermitEmptyPasswords no #禁止空密码登录
UseDNS no #不使用DNS
[root@c64 ~]# /etc/init.d/sshd reload #从新加载配置
[root@c64 ~]# netstat -lnt #查看端口信息
[root@c64 ~]# lsof -i tcp:52113
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[root@c64 ~]# chattr +i /etc/passwd
[root@c64 ~]# chattr +i /etc/inittab
[root@c64 ~]# chattr +i /etc/group
[root@c64 ~]# chattr +i /etc/shadow
[root@c64 ~]# chattr +i /etc/gshadow
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[root@c64 ~]# /bin/mv /usr/bin/chattr /usr/bin/任意名称
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[root@localhost ~]# ulimit –n #查看文件描述符大小
1024
[root@localhost ~]# echo '* - nofile 65535' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
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[root@c64 ~]# cat >>/etc/rc.local<<EOF
#open files
ulimit -HSn 65535
#stack size
ulimit -s 65535
EOF
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sed-i 's#LANG="en_US.UTF-8"#LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"#'/etc/sysconfig/i18n
source/etc/sysconfig/i18n
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[root@c64 ~]# >/etc/redhat-release
[root@c64 ~]# >/etc/issue
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[root@c64 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#by sun in 20131001
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
#一下参数是对iptables防火墙的优化,防火墙不开会有提示,可以忽略不理。
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl –p #使配置文件生效
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net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
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net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
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error: "net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max"is an unknown key
error: "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max"is an unknown key
error: "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established"is an unknown key
error: "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait"is an unknown key
error: "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait"is an unknown key
error: "net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait"is an unknown key
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modprobe ip_conntrack
echo "modprobe ip_conntrack">> /etc/rc.local
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error: "net.nf_conntrack_max"isan unknown key
error: "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max"isan unknown key
error: "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established"isan unknown key
error: "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait"isan unknown key
error: "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait"isan unknown key
error: "net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait"isan unknown key
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modprobe nf_conntrack
echo "modprobe nf_conntrack">> /etc/rc.local
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error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables"isan unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables"isan unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables"isan unknown key
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modprobe bridge
echo "modprobe bridge">> /etc/rc.local
(责任编辑:IT)
(责任编辑:IT) |
