SQL Server2008中删除重复记录的方法分享

时间:2015-02-22 19:41 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT

在Database中可能由于某种原因如用户输入,导入数据失败等导致了重复记录. 如果你没有用主键,约束,或来其它机制实现数据完整性,那最后总是重复记录在你的数据库中.

现在让我们来看在SQL SERVER 2008中如何删除这些记录, 首先,可以模拟造一些简单重复记录:

	
	Create Table dbo.Employee ( 

	[Id] int Primary KEY , 

	[Name] varchar(50), 

	[Age] int, 

	[Sex] bit default 1 

	) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(1,'James',25,default) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(2,'James',25,default) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(3,'James',25,default) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(4,'Lisa',24,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(5,'Lisa',24,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(6,'Lisa',24,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(7,'Mirsa',23,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(8,'Mirsa',23,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(9,'Mirsa',23,0) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(10,'John',26,default) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(11,'Abraham',28,default) 

	Insert Into Employee ([Id] , [Name] , [Age] , [Sex] ) Values(12,'Lincoln',30,default)

OK,首先我们使用最常见的方法:

Delete From Employee Where Name in (select NameFrom Employee Group By Name Having Count(Name)>1);
接着使用RowNumber():

Delete T From( Select Row_Number() Over(Partition By [Name] Order By (SELECT 0)) As RowNumber,* From Employee) TWhere T.RowNumber > 1;

还可以使用CTE (Common Table Expressions):

	
	With Dups as 

	( 

	select ROW_NUMBER() Over(Partition by [Name] Order by (SELECT 0)) as rn 

	FROM Employee 

	) 

	Delete From Dups 

	Where rn>1;

再加上RANK()的CTE:

	
	WITH Dups As 

	( 

	Select [ID],[Name],[Age],[Sex] 

	, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(Partition By [Name] Order By (SELECT 0)) AS rn 

	,RANK() OVER(Partition By [Name] Order By (SELECT 0)) AS rnk 

	FROM Employee 

	) 

	DELETE FROM Dups 

	WHERE rn<>rnk;

下面是这四个T-SQL查询的执行计划:

ExecutionPlan1

你可以看到没有用CTE的方法开销最大, 主要是在Table Spool, 这里开销了44%, Table Spool 是一个物理运算符。

Table Spool 运算符扫描输入，并将各行的一个副本放入隐藏的假脱机表中，此表存储在 tempdb 数据库中并且仅在查询的生存期内存在。如果重绕该运算符（例如通过 Nested Loops 运算符重绕），但不需要任何重新绑定，则将使用假脱机数据，而不用重新扫描输入。
注意上面的方法只是在重复记录比较少的情况下, 如果重复记录多. DELETE将会非常慢, 最好的方法是复制目标数据到另一个新表,删除原来的表,重命名新表为原来的表. 或用临时表, 这样还可以减少数据库事务日志. 看下面的T-SQL:

	
	WITH Dups As 

	( 

	Select [ID],[Name],[Age],[Sex] 

	, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(Partition By [ID] Order By (SELECT 0)) AS rn 

	FROM Employee 

	) 

	Select [ID],[Name],[Age],[Sex] 

	INTO dbo.EmployeeDupsTmp 

	FROM Dups 

	WHERE rn=1 

	DROP TABLE dbo.Employee; 

	EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.EmployeeDupsTmp','Employee'

(责任编辑：IT)