CentOS安装mysql并设置对外开放
时间:2015-04-11 02:45 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT
http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-workbench-community-6.1.6-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-workbench-community-6.1.6-1.el6.i686.rpm
yum insatll server-client-share.rpms ----------------->install mysql
mysql_install_db ------------->put db into /var/lib/mysql
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables ----------------->clean all password seted before
mysql -u root
select host,user,password from user;
update user set password='' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
mysqld_safe & -------------->set your password
mysql -u root
use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('1314521');
quit
mysql -u root -p ----------------->make ssh can user your dababases;
1314521
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
| % | root | |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '1314521';
//grant all privileges on ydjj_cnAll.* to 'ydjj'@'%' identified by '1314521'
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
| % | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
//mysql_secure_installation
安装完mysql-server 会提示可以运行mysql_secure_installation。运行mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置：
a)为root用户设置密码
b)删除匿名账号
c)取消root用户远程登录
d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限
e)刷新授权表使修改生效
通过这几项的设置能够提高mysql库的安全。建议生产环境中mysql安装这完成后一定要运行一次mysql_secure_installation，详细步骤请参看下面的命令:
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止
… Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车
- Dropping test database…
… Success!
- Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
[root@server1 ~]#
打开终端，输入：
yum install mysql mysql-server
然后为MySQL创建系统启动链接(这样在系统启动时，MySQL会自动启动)，在终端输入命令：
chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
为MySQL root帐户设置密码：
mysql_secure_installation
终端显示，按照提示操作:
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we’ll need the current
password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MySQL, and
you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] <– 回车
New password: <– 设置一个用户密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 回车
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ’localhost’. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–回车
… Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named ’test’ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 回车
- Dropping test database…
… Success!
- Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 回车
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
[root@server1 ~]#
linux下mysql的root密码忘记解决方
1．首先确认服务器出于安全的状态，也就是没有人能够任意地连接MySQL数据库。
因为在重新设置MySQL的root密码的期间，MySQL数据库完全出于没有密码保护的
状态下，其他的用户也可以任意地登录和修改MySQL的信息。可以采用将MySQL对
外的端口封闭，并且停止Apache以及所有的用户进程的方法实现服务器的准安全
状态。最安全的状态是到服务器的Console上面操作，并且拔掉网线。
2．修改MySQL的登录设置：
# vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-grant-tables
例如：
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-grant-tables
保存并且退出vi。
3．重新启动mysqld
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping MySQL: [ OK ]
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
4．登录并修改MySQL的root密码
# /usr/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3 to server version: 3.23.56
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> USE mysql ;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = password ( 'new-password' ) WHERE User = 'root' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
5．将MySQL的登录设置修改回来
# vi /etc/my.cnf
将刚才在[mysqld]的段中加上的skip-grant-tables删除
保存并且退出vi。
6．重新启动mysqld
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping MySQL: [ OK ]
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
(责任编辑：IT)
| http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-workbench-community-6.1.6-1.el6.x86_64.rpm http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-workbench-community-6.1.6-1.el6.i686.rpm yum insatll server-client-share.rpms ----------------->install mysql mysql_install_db ------------->put db into /var/lib/mysql mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables ----------------->clean all password seted before mysql -u root select host,user,password from user; update user set password='' where user = 'root'; flush privileges; mysqld_safe & -------------->set your password mysql -u root use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('1314521'); quit mysql -u root -p ----------------->make ssh can user your dababases; 1314521 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 | | localhost.localdomain | root | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | | ::1 | root | | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user 'root'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 | | localhost.localdomain | root | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | | ::1 | root | | | % | root | | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '1314521'; //grant all privileges on ydjj_cnAll.* to 'ydjj'@'%' identified by '1314521' Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 | | localhost.localdomain | root | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | | ::1 | root | | | % | root | *C2864CD5380E51682CE85D0D54D3AD556F9C1E08 | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> //mysql_secure_installation 安装完mysql-server 会提示可以运行mysql_secure_installation。运行mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置： a)为root用户设置密码 b)删除匿名账号 c)取消root用户远程登录 d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限 e)刷新授权表使修改生效 通过这几项的设置能够提高mysql库的安全。建议生产环境中mysql安装这完成后一定要运行一次mysql_secure_installation，详细步骤请参看下面的命令: 复制代码 代码如下: [root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on… Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车 New password: <– 设置root用户的密码 Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. … Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车 … Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止 … Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车 - Dropping test database… … Success! - Removing privileges on test database… … Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车 … Success! Cleaning up… All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! [root@server1 ~]# 打开终端，输入： yum install mysql mysql-server 然后为MySQL创建系统启动链接(这样在系统启动时，MySQL会自动启动)，在终端输入命令： chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on /etc/init.d/mysqld start 为MySQL root帐户设置密码： mysql_secure_installation 终端显示，按照提示操作: [root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we’ll need the current password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MySQL, and you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on… Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] <– 回车 New password: <– 设置一个用户密码 Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. … Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 回车 … Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ’localhost’. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–回车 … Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named ’test’ that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 回车 - Dropping test database… … Success! - Removing privileges on test database… … Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 回车 … Success! Cleaning up… All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! [root@server1 ~]# linux下mysql的root密码忘记解决方 1．首先确认服务器出于安全的状态，也就是没有人能够任意地连接MySQL数据库。 因为在重新设置MySQL的root密码的期间，MySQL数据库完全出于没有密码保护的 状态下，其他的用户也可以任意地登录和修改MySQL的信息。可以采用将MySQL对 外的端口封闭，并且停止Apache以及所有的用户进程的方法实现服务器的准安全 状态。最安全的状态是到服务器的Console上面操作，并且拔掉网线。 2．修改MySQL的登录设置： # vi /etc/my.cnf 在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-grant-tables 例如： [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-grant-tables 保存并且退出vi。 3．重新启动mysqld # /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Stopping MySQL: [ OK ] Starting MySQL: [ OK ] 4．登录并修改MySQL的root密码 # /usr/bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 to server version: 3.23.56 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> USE mysql ; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = password ( 'new-password' ) WHERE User = 'root' ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> quit Bye 5．将MySQL的登录设置修改回来 # vi /etc/my.cnf 将刚才在[mysqld]的段中加上的skip-grant-tables删除 保存并且退出vi。 6．重新启动mysqld # /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Stopping MySQL: [ OK ] Starting MySQL: [ OK ] (责任编辑：IT) |