初识CentOS服务命令大全
时间:2015-04-12 14:47 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT
(1)系统架构
查看内核
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# uname -s -r
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Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
查看发布版本
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# cat /etc/redhat-release
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CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
查看CPU架构
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# arch
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x86_64(x86_64表示64位机器/i686表示32位机器)
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# getconf LONG_BIT
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64
(2)用户设置
添加用户
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# /usr/sbin/useradd user1 -d /home/user1 -G nobody
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# passwd user1
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New password: 123456
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Retype new password: 123456
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passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
确认用户
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# id user1
删除用户
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# userdel -r user1
赋予root权限
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# usermod -G wheel hoge
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# vi /etc/pam.d/su
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auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid # <= 取消注释
用户一览
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# cat /etc/passwd
(3)网络设置
设置IP
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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DEVICE="eth0"
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OTPROTO="static" # <=
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HWADDR="00:0C:29:53:A5:AE"
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IPV6INIT="no" # <=
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NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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UUID="1ca6acf4-ebce-415a-a89b-bf89a67819ff"
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IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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NETMASK="255.255.255.0" # <=
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GATEWAY="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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DNS1="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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# service network restart
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Shutting down interface eth0:
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......
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Connection activated [ OK ]
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# ifconfig
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eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2F:D5:58
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inet addr:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Bcast:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Mask:255.255.255.0
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......
卸载NestworkManager服务
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# chkconfig NetworkManager off
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# yum -y remove NetworkManager
关闭IPv6
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# service ip6tables stop
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# chkconfig ip6tables off
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# echo "install ipv6 /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable-ipv6.conf
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
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NETWORKING_IPV6=no
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IPV6INIT=no
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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# shutdown -r now
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# lsmod | grep ipv6
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没有ipv6模块
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# netstat -an | grep ffff
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没有:ffff:开始的IP
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# ifconfig
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没有inet6 addr开始的文字
(4)包管理设置
yum清理
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# yum clean all
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
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Cleaning repos: base extras updates
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Cleaning up Everything
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# yum makecache
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
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Determining fastest mirrors
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………….
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Metadata Cache Created
yum更新
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# yum -y update
自动更新
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# yum -y install yum-cron
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/yum-cron
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CHECK_ONLY=yes
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DOWNLOAD_ONLY=yes
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# /etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-cron start
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# chkconfig yum-cron on
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# chkconfig --list yum-cron
自动查找最快镜像
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# yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
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# vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf
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enabled=0 ←0:无效 1:有效
添加repository
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
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# rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo
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enabled=0
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# yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install xxxx
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# rpm -Uvh http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
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enabled=0
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# yum --enablerepo=epel install xxxx
(5)设置vim
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# yum -y install vim-enhanced
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# vi /etc/profile
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alias vi='vim'
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# source /etc/profile
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# vi /etc/vimrc
(6)安全设置
关闭SELinux
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# getenforce
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# setenforce 0 ←临时关闭
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
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SELINUX=enforcing
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↓
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SELINUX=disabled
停止iptables
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# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
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iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
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iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
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iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
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# chkconfig iptables off
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# chkconfig --list iptables
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iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
(7)系统运行情况
磁盘使用情况
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# df -h
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# yum -y install sysstat
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# iostat
内存使用情况
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# free -m
CPU和内存
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# cat /proc/cpuinfo
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# cat /proc/meminfo
(8)其他
本地语言化
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# yum -y groupinstall "Japanese Support"
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
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LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
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↓
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LANG="ja_JP.UTF-8"
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# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
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# echo $LANG
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ja_JP.UTF-8
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# shutdown -r now
停止不必要的服务
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# chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
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# service ip6tables stop
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# chkconfig ip6tables off
编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter)
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# yum -y install nkf
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# vi readme.txt
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test
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漢字
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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UTF-8 (LF)
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# nkf -s --overwrite readme.txt
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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Shift_JIS (LF)
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# nkf -j --overwrite readme.txt
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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ISO-2022-JP (LF)
安装gcc
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# rpm -qa gcc
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# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
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# gcc -v
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Using built-in specs.
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Target: i686-redhat-linux
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…………
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gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC)
安装PCRE
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# cd /usr/local/src
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# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
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# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
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# cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/8.35
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# make clean
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# make && make install
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# PATH=/usr/local/pcre/8.35/bin:$PATH
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# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
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/usr/local/pcre/8.35/lib ←末尾追加
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# ldconfig
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# rpm -qa pcre
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pcre-7.8-6.el6.x86_64
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# pcretest -C
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PCRE version 7.8 2008-09-05
安装OpenSSL
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# cd /usr/local/src
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# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
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# tar xzvf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
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# cd openssl-1.0.1h
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# ./config shared -fPIC
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# make && make install
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# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
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/usr/local/ssl/lib ←末尾追加
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# ldconfig
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# ldconfig -f /etc/ld.so.conf -vp|grep ssl/lib
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libssl.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
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libssl.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so
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libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
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libcrypto.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so
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# /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl version
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OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014
NTP同步时间
引用
# yum -y install ntp
# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
# vi /etc/ntp.conf
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org
# ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
# /etc/init.d/ntpd start
# ntpq -p
# ntpstat
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# yum update glibc
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# rpm -qa | grep glibc
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2.12-1.149.el6_6.5
(责任编辑:IT)
(1)系统架构 查看内核
查看发布版本
查看CPU架构
(2)用户设置 添加用户
确认用户
删除用户
赋予root权限
用户一览
(3)网络设置 设置IP
卸载NestworkManager服务
关闭IPv6
(4)包管理设置 yum清理
yum更新
自动更新
自动查找最快镜像
添加repository
(5)设置vim
(6)安全设置 关闭SELinux
停止iptables
(7)系统运行情况 磁盘使用情况
内存使用情况
CPU和内存
(8)其他 本地语言化
停止不必要的服务
编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter)
安装gcc
安装PCRE
安装OpenSSL
NTP同步时间
引用
# yum -y install ntp
# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org # vi /etc/ntp.conf driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org # ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org # /etc/init.d/ntpd start # ntpq -p # ntpstat
(责任编辑:IT) |