MySQL死锁问题实例分析及解决方法
时间:2016-02-28 21:33 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT
MySQL死锁问题的相关知识是本文我们主要要介绍的内容,接下来我们就来一一介绍这部分内容,希望能够对您有所帮助。
MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制
MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)
BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁
InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁
各种锁特点
表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低
行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高
页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般
各种锁的适用场景
表级锁更适合于以查询为主,只有少量按索引条件更新数据的应用,如Web应用
行级锁则更适合于有大量按索引条件并发更新数据,同时又有并发查询的应用,如一些在线事务处理系统
死锁
是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。
表级锁不会产生死锁。所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB。
死锁举例分析
在MySQL中,行级锁并不是直接锁记录,而是锁索引。索引分为主键索引和非主键索引两种,如果一条sql语句操作了主键索引,MySQL就会锁定这条主键索引;如果一条语句操作了非主键索引,MySQL会先锁定该非主键索引,再锁定相关的主键索引。
在UPDATE、DELETE操作时,MySQL不仅锁定WHERE条件扫描过的所有索引记录,而且会锁定相邻的键值,即所谓的next-key locking。
例如,一个表db。tab_test,结构如下:
id:主键;
state:状态;
time:时间;
索引:idx_1(state,time)
出现死锁日志如下:
***(1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320
MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update
update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任务1的sql语句)
***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务1等待的索引记录)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任务2的sql语句)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任务2已获得的锁)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务2等待的锁)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;;
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)
(回滚了任务1,以解除死锁)
原因分析:
当
update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)
执行时,MySQL会使用idx_1索引,因此首先锁定相关的索引记录,因为idx_1是非主键索引,为执行该语句,MySQL还会锁定主键索引。
假设
[sql] view plain copy print?
update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)
几乎同时执行时,本语句首先锁定主键索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以还需要锁定idx_1的某些索引记录。
这样第一条语句锁定了idx_1的记录,等待主键索引,而第二条语句则锁定了主键索引记录,而等待idx_1的记录,这样死锁就产生了。
解决办法
拆分第一条sql,先查出符合条件的主键值,再按照主键更新记录:
select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute);
update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);
(责任编辑:IT)
MySQL死锁问题的相关知识是本文我们主要要介绍的内容,接下来我们就来一一介绍这部分内容,希望能够对您有所帮助。
MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制
MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)
BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁
InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁
各种锁特点
表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低
行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高
页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般
各种锁的适用场景
表级锁更适合于以查询为主,只有少量按索引条件更新数据的应用,如Web应用
行级锁则更适合于有大量按索引条件并发更新数据,同时又有并发查询的应用,如一些在线事务处理系统
死锁
是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。
表级锁不会产生死锁。所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB。
死锁举例分析
在MySQL中,行级锁并不是直接锁记录,而是锁索引。索引分为主键索引和非主键索引两种,如果一条sql语句操作了主键索引,MySQL就会锁定这条主键索引;如果一条语句操作了非主键索引,MySQL会先锁定该非主键索引,再锁定相关的主键索引。
在UPDATE、DELETE操作时,MySQL不仅锁定WHERE条件扫描过的所有索引记录,而且会锁定相邻的键值,即所谓的next-key locking。
例如,一个表db。tab_test,结构如下:
id:主键;
state:状态;
time:时间;
索引:idx_1(state,time)
出现死锁日志如下:
***(1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320
MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update
update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任务1的sql语句)
***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务1等待的索引记录)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任务2的sql语句)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任务2已获得的锁)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务2等待的锁)
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;;
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)
(回滚了任务1,以解除死锁)
原因分析:
当
update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)
执行时,MySQL会使用idx_1索引,因此首先锁定相关的索引记录,因为idx_1是非主键索引,为执行该语句,MySQL还会锁定主键索引。
假设
[sql] view plain copy print?
update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)
几乎同时执行时,本语句首先锁定主键索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以还需要锁定idx_1的某些索引记录。
这样第一条语句锁定了idx_1的记录,等待主键索引,而第二条语句则锁定了主键索引记录,而等待idx_1的记录,这样死锁就产生了。
解决办法
拆分第一条sql,先查出符合条件的主键值,再按照主键更新记录:
select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute);
update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);
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