Linux下根据局域网IP查看主机名命令

时间:2016-05-08 20:08 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT

使用方法手册

NAME
nmblookup - 基于TCP/IP上的NetBIOS客户用于查询NetBIOS名字的程序
总览 SYNOPSIS

nmblookup [-M] [-R] [-S] [-r] [-A] [-h] [-B <broadcast address>] [-U <unicast address>] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-i <NetBIOS scope>][-T] [-f] {name}

描述 DESCRIPTION

nmblookup 是 Samba(7)套件的一部分。

nmblookup 用于在网络中查询NetBIOS名字并映射对应的IP地址。使用它可以在一个特殊的IP广播区域或者机器中直接查询名字。所有的查询操作都在UDP上实现。

选项 OPTIONS

-M
通过查找类型为0x1d的NetBIOS名字 name来搜索一个主浏览器。如果 name 是 "-"，那么它搜索特殊的名字 __MSBROWSE__。 Please note that in order to use the name "-", you need to make sure "-" isn't parsed as an argument, e.g. use : nmblookup -M -- -。

-R
用这个选项在包中指定一个希望得到的二进制位来进行递归查找。当向WINS服务器发送名字查询及用户希望在WINS服务器上进行名字查询时可以用这种方法。如果不设定这样的二进制递归位，则主机上的普通NetBIOS处理代码(以广播方式)将替代它。详细资料请参见rfc1001和rfc1002。

-S
通过这个选项可以使名字查询操作返回一个IP地址时，再跟着作节点状态的查询操作。节点状态查询会返回主机注册的NetBIOS名字。

-r
用这个选项来试图并绑定UDP端口137用于发送和接收UDP数据包。使用这个选项的理由是Windows 95在这方面有一个错误：它会忽略请求数据包的原始端口而只回复到UDP端口137(系统发送和接收包可能并不用137端口)。不幸的情况是在UNIX系统上绑定这个端口需要root权限。另外，运行nmbd守护程序也应该绑定到这个端口。

-A
用这个选项把name参数解释成一个IP地址并使用这个地址来作节点状态查询。

-n <primary NetBIOS name>
This option allows you to override the NetBIOS name that Samba uses for itself. This is identical to setting the netbios name parameter in the smb.conf file. However, a command line setting will take precedence over settings in smb.conf.

-i <scope>
This specifies a NetBIOS scope that nmblookup will use to communicate with when generating NetBIOS names. For details on the use of NetBIOS scopes, see rfc1001.txt and rfc1002.txt. NetBIOS scopes are veryrarely used, only set this parameter if you are the system administrator in charge of all the NetBIOS systems you communicate with.

-W|--workgroup=domain
Set the SMB domain of the username. This overrides the default domain which is the domain defined in smb.conf. If the domain specified is the same as the servers NetBIOS name, it causes the client to log on using the servers local SAM (as opposed to the Domain SAM).

-O socket options
TCP socket options to set on the client socket. See the socket options parameter in the smb.conf manual page for the list of valid options.

-h|--help
打印帮助(使用方法)信息。

-B <broadcast address>
用给出的广播地址发送查询。如果没有使用这个选项的话，nmblookup将会把查询发送到通过自动检测或者在smb.conf (5)文件的interfaces参数定义好的网络接口的广播地址上。

-U <unicast address>
用这个选项对指定地址或者unicast address主机进行单独的查询。查找一个WINS服务器需要这样的参数(还有-R选项)。

-V
输出程序版本号。

-s <configuration file>
指定的文件包含服务器需要的配置细节。文件信息包括服务器特定的信息，比如使用哪个 printcap文件；也包括服务器提供的服务的描述。查看smb.conf 来获得更详细的信息。默认的配置文件名是在编译时指定的。

-d|--debug=debuglevel
debuglevel 是个从0到10的整数。参数未指定时默认值为0。
这个值越高，将记录越多关于nmblookup活动的资料。在把调试级设为0时，只记录紧急错误和严重警告。级别一是日常运行时合适的级别 - 它产生小量的执行操作的信息。

1以上的调试级将产生相当多的记录数据，并且只在研究问题时才有用。3以上的调试级只被设计为让开发者使用并会产生极大数量的记录数据，而且其中很多部分非常难以理解。

注意在此使用这个参数将越过在smb.conf (5)文件中的log level参数。

-l|--logfile=logbasename
File name for log/debug files. The extension ".client" will be appended. The log file is never removed by the client.

-T
使用这个选项使得查找到的ip地址通过DNS反向查询查出所有的DNS名称，并将结果输出到通常的的
IP address .... NetBIOS name

对应关系前面。

-f
Show which flags apply to the name that has been looked up. Possible answers are zero or more of: Response, Authoritative, Truncated, Recursion_Desired, Recursion_Available, Broadcast.

name
这个选项用来指定要查的NetBIOS名字。根据前面已经使用的选项这里可能出现的形式是一个NetBIOS名或者是IP地址。如果用的是NetBIOS名则可以在名字中加入'#<type>'来指定不同的名字类型。当然也可以用*来代替输入项，这样的话会通过广播区域返回所有已注册的名字。

范例 EXAMPLES

nmblookup 可被用于查询WINS服务器(同样nslookup用于查询DNS服务器)。要查询WINS服务器，必须这样调用 nmblookup：

nmblookup -U server -R 'name'

例如，运行：

nmblookup -U samba.org -R 'IRIX#1B'

通过这个命令将向WINS服务器samba.org查询IRIX工作组中的域主浏览器(名字类型为1B)。

英文版：

NMBLOOKUP(1) User Commands NMBLOOKUP(1)

NAME

nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names

SYNOPSIS

nmblookup [-M] [-R] [-S] [-r] [-A] [-h] [-B <broadcast address>]

[-U <unicast address>] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>]

[-i <NetBIOS scope>] [-T] [-f] {name}

DESCRIPTION

This tool is part of the samba(7) suite.

nmblookup is used to query NetBIOS names and map them to IP addresses

in a network using NetBIOS over TCP/IP queries. The options allow the

name queries to be directed at a particular IP broadcast area or to a

particular machine. All queries are done over UDP.

OPTIONS

-M

Searches for a master browser by looking up the NetBIOS name name

with a type of 0x1d. If

name is "-" then it does a lookup on the special name

__MSBROWSE__. Please note that in order to use the name "-", you

need to make sure "-" isn´t parsed as an argument, e.g. use :

nmblookup -M -- -.

-R

Set the recursion desired bit in the packet to do a recursive

lookup. This is used when sending a name query to a machine running

a WINS server and the user wishes to query the names in the WINS

server. If this bit is unset the normal (broadcast responding)

NetBIOS processing code on a machine is used instead. See RFC1001,

RFC1002 for details.

-S

Once the name query has returned an IP address then do a node

status query as well. A node status query returns the NetBIOS names

registered by a host.

-r

Try and bind to UDP port 137 to send and receive UDP datagrams. The

reason for this option is a bug in Windows 95 where it ignores the

source port of the requesting packet and only replies to UDP port

137. Unfortunately, on most UNIX systems root privilege is needed

to bind to this port, and in addition, if the nmbd(8) daemon is

running on this machine it also binds to this port.

-A

Interpret name as an IP Address and do a node status query on this

address.

-n|--netbiosname <primary NetBIOS name>

This option allows you to override the NetBIOS name that Samba uses

for itself. This is identical to setting the smb.conf.5.html#

parameter in the smb.conf file. However, a command line setting

will take precedence over settings in smb.conf.

-i|--scope <scope>

This specifies a NetBIOS scope that nmblookup will use to

communicate with when generating NetBIOS names. For details on the

use of NetBIOS scopes, see rfc1001.txt and rfc1002.txt. NetBIOS

scopes are very rarely used, only set this parameter if you are the

system administrator in charge of all the NetBIOS systems you

communicate with.

-W|--workgroup=domain

Set the SMB domain of the username. This overrides the default

domain which is the domain defined in smb.conf. If the domain

specified is the same as the servers NetBIOS name, it causes the

client to log on using the servers local SAM (as opposed to the

Domain SAM).

-O|--socket-options socket options

TCP socket options to set on the client socket. See the socket

options parameter in the smb.conf manual page for the list of valid

options.

-h|--help

Print a summary of command line options.

-B <broadcast address>

Send the query to the given broadcast address. Without this option

the default behavior of nmblookup is to send the query to the

broadcast address of the network interfaces as either auto-detected

or defined in the interfaces parameter of the smb.conf(5) file.

-U <unicast address>

Do a unicast query to the specified address or host unicast

address. This option (along with the -R option) is needed to query

a WINS server.

-d|--debuglevel=level

level is an integer from 0 to 10. The default value if this

parameter is not specified is 0.

The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log

files about the activities of the server. At level 0, only critical

errors and serious warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable

level for day-to-day running - it generates a small amount of

information about operations carried out.

Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and

should only be used when investigating a problem. Levels above 3

are designed for use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts

of log data, most of which is extremely cryptic.

Note that specifying this parameter here will override the

smb.conf.5.html# parameter in the smb.conf file.

-V|--version

Prints the program version number.

-s|--configfile <configuration file>

The file specified contains the configuration details required by

the server. The information in this file includes server-specific

information such as what printcap file to use, as well as

descriptions of all the services that the server is to provide. See

smb.conf for more information. The default configuration file name

is determined at compile time.

-l|--log-basename=logdirectory

Base directory name for log/debug files. The extension ".progname"

will be appended (e.g. log.smbclient, log.smbd, etc...). The log

file is never removed by the client.

-T

This causes any IP addresses found in the lookup to be looked up

via a reverse DNS lookup into a DNS name, and printed out before

each

IP address .... NetBIOS name

pair that is the normal output.

-f

Show which flags apply to the name that has been looked up.

Possible answers are zero or more of: Response, Authoritative,

Truncated, Recursion_Desired, Recursion_Available, Broadcast.

name

This is the NetBIOS name being queried. Depending upon the previous

options this may be a NetBIOS name or IP address. If a NetBIOS name

then the different name types may be specified by appending

´#<type>´ to the name. This name may also be ´*´, which will return

all registered names within a broadcast area.

EXAMPLES

nmblookup can be used to query a WINS server (in the same way nslookup

is used to query DNS servers). To query a WINS server, nmblookup must

be called like this:

nmblookup -U server -R ´name´

For example, running :

nmblookup -U samba.org -R ´IRIX#1B´

would query the WINS server samba.org for the domain master browser (1B

name type) for the IRIX workgroup.

VERSION

This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite.