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CentOS 7网络属性配置

一、简单介绍   

在CentOS 7中对网络管理还是有不少变化的,例如管理服务的命令变为systemctl,许多命令可以更改后直接生效,还有许多独有的工具,本文以CentOS 6与CentOS 7对比进行讲解,下面现总体介绍一下网络属性配置工具。

ifcfg家族   

ifcofnig:配置IP,NETMASK   

route:路由     

netstat:状态及统计数据查看

iproute家族                                                             

ip OBJECT:                                                             

addr: 地址和掩码     

link:接口

route:路由    

ss:状态及统计数据查看

CentOS 7:nm(Network Manager)家族    

nmcli:命令行工具    

nmtui:text window工具

二、ifcfg家族配置管理

1、ifconfig命令:配置网络接口(configure a network interface)

查看网络配置:ifconfig [-a] [interface]

-a:查看当前系统上所有网络接口的状态及详细信息,包括inactive状态的接口

# ifconfig  
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.250.108  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 267796  bytes 27852817 (26.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4268  bytes 556507 (543.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 56  bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 56  bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

CentOS 7:ifconfig命令显示参数详解

eno1677736:网卡名称

inet:ip地址

netmask:子网掩码

broadcast:广播地址

UP:网卡表示激活状态

BROADCAST:支持广播功能

MULTICAST:支持组播功能

RUNNING:处于运行状态

mtu:网卡的最大传输单元

inet6:表示IPV6地址

ether:以太网地址,表示mac地址

txqueuelen:传输队列长度

RX packets 267796  bytes 27852817 (26.5 MiB):接收到报文的数量,后面表示接                  收到所有报文的大小

RX errors:接收到错误报文的个数

dropped:丢包的数量

overruns:溢出的

TX packets 4268  bytes 556507 (543.4 KiB):传出到报文的数量,后面表示传出所                  有报文的大小

TX errors:传出报文的错误数量

dropped:发送出去丢包数量

此处为CentOS 6上使用ifconfig的显示(注意:不标明的都默认指CentOS7,当与CentOS不同时会标注)

# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B  
          inet addr:172.18.251.87  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:303612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:31934172 (30.4 MiB)  TX bytes:261862 (255.7 KiB)
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85  
          inet addr:192.168.200.3  Bcast:192.168.200.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:292609 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:30767674 (29.3 MiB)  TX bytes:26126 (25.5 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

CentOS 6:ifconfig命令显示参数详解

eth0:网卡名称

Link encap:接口类型

inet addr:ip地址

Bcast:广播地址

Mask:子网掩码

inet6 addr:IPV6地址

UP:网卡表示激活状态

BROADCAST:支持广播功能

MULTICAST:支持组播功能

RUNNING:处于运行状态

mtu:网卡的最大传输单元

ether:以太网地址,表示mac地址

txqueuelen:传输队列长度

RX packets 接收到报文的数量

errors:接收到错误报文的个数

dropped:丢包的数量

overruns:溢出的

TX packets 传出到报文的数量

errors:传出报文的错误数量

dropped:丢包的数量

overruns:溢出的

RX bytes: 接收到报文的总大小

TX bytes: 传输报文的总大小

# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.250.108  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 267877  bytes 27861934 (26.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4283  bytes 559025 (545.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
eno33554984: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 257603  bytes 26825123 (25.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 269  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 38  bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 56  bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 56  bytes 4760 (4.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

可以指定接口名称,进行单独查看

# ifconfig eno33554984
eno33554984: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 257603  bytes 26825123 (25.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 269  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 38  bytes 3900 (3.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

修改网络配置:ifconfig [-v] interface [aftype] options | address …

方式一:

# ifconfig eno33554984 192.168.200.5/24 up
# ifconfig eno33554984
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.200.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.200.255
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 259004  bytes 26985088 (25.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 271  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 40  bytes 4020 (3.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# 注意此配置仅限临时生效,重启网络服务或者重启系统,内核会重读配置文件,将配置文件中的参数在执行一遍.

方式二:

# ifconfig eno33554984 192.168.100.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
# ifconfig eno33554984 
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.100.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 260398  bytes 27138591 (25.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 273  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 40  bytes 4020 (3.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2、route命令:查看及管理路由(route – show / manipulate the IP routing table)

命令格式:route  add  [-net|-host]  target  [netmask  Nm]  [gw GW]  [[dev] If]

-net:表示添加网络路由

-host:表示添加主机路由

gw:为默认网关

查看:

route -n

# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eno33554984

添加路由:

# route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.100.5 dev eno33554984
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
10.0.0.0        192.168.100.5   255.0.0.0       UG    0      0        0 eno33554984
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eno33554984

删除路由:

# route -n 
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
10.0.0.0        192.168.100.5   255.0.0.0       UG    0      0        0 eno33554984
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eno33554984
# route del -net 10.0.0.0/8
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eno33554984

3、netstat命令:打印网络连接,路由表,接口等信息(Print network connections, routing tables, interface statis﹖ics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships)

显示网络连接:

netstat  [–tcp|-t]  [–udp|-u]  [–udplite|-U]  [–sctp|-S]  [–raw|-w]  [–listening|-l]  [–all|-a]  [–numeric|-n]   [–extend|-e[–extend|-e]]  [–program|-p]

-t:TCP协议的相关连接,连接均有其状态

-u:UDP协议相关的连接

-w:raw socket相关的;连接

-l:处于监听状态的连接

-a:所有状态

-n:以数字格式显示IP和Port

-e:扩展格式

-p:显示相关的进程及PID

# 常用组合:

-tan,-una,-tnl,-unl,-tunlp,-antup

# netstat -tan
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 172.18.250.108:22       172.18.4.1:49701        ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 172.18.250.108:22       172.18.4.1:49924        ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN     
# netstat -uan
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10042           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                               
udp6       0      0 :::50626                :::*      
# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1054/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1052/cupsd          
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1143/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1190/sshd: root@pts 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5116/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1054/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1052/cupsd          
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1143/master         
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      1190/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      5116/sshd: root@pts 
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10042           0.0.0.0:*                           4399/dhclient       
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                           752/chronyd         
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           4399/dhclient       
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                                752/chronyd         
udp6       0      0 :::50626                :::*                                4399/dhclient      
# netstat -antup
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1054/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1052/cupsd          
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1143/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1190/sshd: root@pts 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5116/sshd: root@pts 
tcp        0     52 172.18.250.108:22       172.18.4.1:49701        ESTABLISHED 1190/sshd: root@pts 
tcp        0      0 172.18.250.108:22       172.18.4.1:49924        ESTABLISHED 5116/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1054/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1052/cupsd          
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1143/master         
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      1190/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      5116/sshd: root@pts 
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10042           0.0.0.0:*                           4399/dhclient       
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                           752/chronyd         
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           4399/dhclient       
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                                752/chronyd         
udp6       0      0 :::50626                :::*                                4399/dhclient

显示路由表:netstat -rn

-r:显示内核路由表

-n:数字格式显示

# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eno16777736
10.0.0.0        192.168.100.5   255.0.0.0       UG        0 0          0 eno33554984
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eno16777736
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eno33554984

显示借口的统计数据:

netstat    {–interfaces|-I|-i}    [iface]   [–all|-a]   [–extend|-e]   [–verbose|-v]   [–program|-p]  [–numeric|-n]

所有接口:

netstat -i

# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface      MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eno16777  1500   295676      0      0 0          5992      0      0      0 BMRU
eno33554  1500   281789      0    313 0            40      0      0      0 BMRU
lo       65536       60      0      0 0            60      0      0      0 LRU

具体值:

Iface:借口

MTU:最大传输单元

RX-OK:成功接收报文的数量

RX-ERR:失败的传输报文的数量

RX-DRP:接收丢弃的报文数量

RX-OVR:接收溢出的报文数量

TX-OK:成功传输报文的数量

TX-ERR:失败的传输报文的数量

TX-DRP:传出丢弃的传输数量

TX-OVR:传出溢出的传输数量

Flg:标志

4、ifup/ifdown命令:

# 注意:通过配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE来识别接口并完成配置

# 此处在显示上CentOS 6与CentOS 7有所不同

CentOS 6: 在使用ifdown命令时,禁用的接口用ifconfig命令显示不出来,且在显示中也没有UP选项,如需显示需要指定接口或者使用-a选项

# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B  
          inet addr:172.18.251.87  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:320170 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2653 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:33769657 (32.2 MiB)  TX bytes:313476 (306.1 KiB)
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85  
          inet addr:192.168.200.3  Bcast:192.168.200.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:306513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:32321812 (30.8 MiB)  TX bytes:27212 (26.5 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
# ifdown eth1
# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:7B  
          inet addr:172.18.251.87  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:457b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:319600 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2601 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:33705819 (32.1 MiB)  TX bytes:305610 (298.4 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
# ifconfig eth1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85  
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:306469 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:211 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:32316117 (30.8 MiB)  TX bytes:26744 (26.1 KiB)
# ifup eth1
Determining if ip address 192.168.200.3 is already in use for device eth1...
# ifconfig eth1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85  
          inet addr:192.168.200.3  Bcast:192.168.200.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:308152 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:230 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:32503780 (30.9 MiB)  TX bytes:28040 (27.3 KiB)

CentOS 7:在CentOS 7 上用ifdown命令禁用网卡UP选项不会消失,但是IP没有显示,此处与CentOS 6相同

# ifconfig eno33554984
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.100.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 313238  bytes 33067566 (31.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 349  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 42  bytes 4140 (4.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ifdown eno33554984
Device 'eno33554984' successfully disconnected.
# ifconfig 
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.250.108  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 327832  bytes 34538419 (32.9 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6428  bytes 919810 (898.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 313451  bytes 33089849 (31.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 349  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 42  bytes 4140 (4.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 64  bytes 5440 (5.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 64  bytes 5440 (5.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ifup eno33554984
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/12)
# ifconfig eno33554984
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.100.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 314723  bytes 33233696 (31.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 349  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 44  bytes 4260 (4.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

5、配置主机名:

hostname命令:

查看:hostname

配置:hostname HOSTNAME

当前系统有效,重启后无效

# hostname 
centos6.7
# hostname myserver
# hostname 
myserver

hostnamectl命令(CentOS 7):

hostnamectl status:显示当前主机名信息

hostnamectl set-hostname:设定主机名,永久有效

# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
# hostnamectl set-hostname centos7.2
# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7.2
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

# 注意hostname在Centos 7上面也可以使用,但是设置后显示临时主机名

例:

# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7.2
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
# hostname centos777
# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7.2
Transient hostname: hello
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
# hostname
centos777

配置文件:

CentOS6:/etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=<HOSTNAME>

# hostname 
myserver
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=mycentos6
# hostname 
myserver

CentOS7:/etc/hostname

HOSTNAME

# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
# vim /etc/hostname 
# cat /etc/hostname
mycentos7
# hostnamectl status 
   Static hostname: centos7
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 94b3ec34f75d44df93cc011c79159864
           Boot ID: 174d10ff65ef4f7d82721fc7b08f6bf7
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

#  注意:在CentOS 6中此方法不会立即生效,但是在CentOS 7中会立即生效

6、配置DNS服务器指向:

配置文件:/etc/resolv.conf

nameserverDNS_SERVER_IP

如何测试(host/nslookup/dig):

# dig -t A FQDN

FQDN –> IP

# dig -x IP

IP –> FQDN

# dig 命令的好处在于,他不检查hosts文件中的定义,直接去dns服务器解析

三、iproute家族配置管理

1、ip命令

show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels

查看和配置 路由表、设备、策略路由等

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OBJECT := { link | addr | route | netns  } 

a、ip link

网络设备配置(network device configuration)

1、  ip  link  set:改变设备属性

(1)dev NAME (default):指明要管理的设备,dev关键字可省略;

 (2)up和down: 

# ip link set eno33554984 down
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 
# ip link set eno33554984 up 
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   (3)multicast on或multicast off:启用或禁用多播功能; 

# 关闭后可以看到没有UP选项,表示此网卡已关闭

(4)name NAME:重命名接口

# ip link set eno33554984 down
# ip link set eno33554984 name eno666777888
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# 改名时需要关闭网卡设备

(5)mtu NUMBER:设置MTU的大小,默认为1500;

# ip link set eno666777888 mtu 1000
# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

(6)netns PID:ns为namespace,用于将接口移动到指定的网络名称空间;(在后面会详细讲解)

2、ip link show:列出设备属性

# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip link show eno666777888 
3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

 3、 ip link help:显示简要使用帮助 

b、ip netns # 注意:此命令仅在CentOS 7中支持

管理网络名称空间(manage network namespaces)

ip  netns  list:列出所有的netns
# ip netns list
myspace
ip  netns  add  NAME:创建指定的netns
# ip netns add space1
# ip netns list
space1
myspace
ip  netns  del  NAME:删除指定的netns
# ip netns del myspace
# ip netns list
space1
ip  netns   exec  NAME  COMMAND:在指定的netns中运行命令
# ip link set eno666777888 netns space1
# ip link show 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 加入名称空间后 使用ip link show查看,可以看到此处看不到了eno66677788
# ip netns exec space1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
3: eno666777888: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# 使用此命令可以查看名称空间space1中的网卡设备

c、ip address

协议地址管理(protocol address management)

ip address add:添加新的协议地址

[label NAME]:为额外添加的地址指明接口别名

# ip add add label eno33554984:0 10.0.0.100/8 dev eno33554984
# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.250.108  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 372250  bytes 39402750 (37.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 9582  bytes 1347144 (1.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1000
        inet 192.168.200.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 344492  bytes 36539558 (34.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 365  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 48  bytes 4500 (4.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
eno33554984:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1000
        inet 10.0.0.100  netmask 255.0.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 76  bytes 6460 (6.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 76  bytes 6460 (6.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[broadcast ADDRESS]:广播地址;会根据IP和NETMASK自动计算得到

[scope SCOPE_VALUE]:作用域,默认设置为global

global:全局可用;

link:接口可用;

host:仅本机可用;

# ip addr show eno33554984
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.2/24 scope global eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip address delete:删除协议地址
# ip addr show eno33554984
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.2/24 scope global eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ip add del 192.168.200.2/24 dev eno33554984
# ip addr show eno33554984
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip address show:查看协议地址

# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.250.108/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 63185sec preferred_lft 63185sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:c19c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip address flush:清除协议地址(清除某设备上的所有地址)

# ip add show eno33554984
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.100/8 scope global eno33554984:0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.200/8 scope global secondary eno33554984
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ip add flush dev eno33554984
# ip add show eno33554984
3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

d、ip route

路由表管理(routing table management)

ip route add:添加新的路由

# ip route add 20.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.0.20 dev eno33554984
# ip route show
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736  proto static  metric 100 
10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.200 
20.0.0.0/8 via 10.0.0.20 dev eno33554984 
172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.18.250.108  metric 100 
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.20.2 
192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.100.2

ip route change:修改路由

# ip route change 20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736
# ip route show
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736  proto static  metric 100 
10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.200 
20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 
172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.18.250.108  metric 100 
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.20.2 
192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.100.2

ip route replace:改变或者添加新的路由(表示如果没有就新添加)

ip  route   add  TYPE PREFIX  via GW  [dev  IFACE]  [src SOURCE_IP]

ip route delete:删除路由

# ip route show
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736  proto static  metric 100 
10.0.0.0/8 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.0.200 
20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 
172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.18.250.108  metric 100 
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.20.2 
192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.100.2 
# ip route del 10.0.0.0/8
# ip route show
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736  proto static  metric 100 
20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 
172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.18.250.108  metric 100 
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.20.2 
192.168.100.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.100.2

ip route show:查看路由

ip route flush:删除路由表

# ip route flush 192.168.100/24
# ip route show
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eno16777736  proto static  metric 100 
20.0.0.0/8 via 172.18.250.108 dev eno16777736 
172.18.0.0/16 dev eno16777736  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.18.250.108  metric 100 
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno33554984  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.20.2

ip route get:查看一条路由

# ip route get 20.0.0.0/8
20.0.0.0 dev eno16777736  src 172.18.250.108 
    cache

2、ss命令

另一个套接字管理程序(another utility to investigate sockets)

ss [options] [FILTER]

选项:

-t:TCP协议的相关连接

-u:UDP相关的连接

-w:raw socket相关的连接

-l:监听状态的连接

-a:所有状态的连接

-n:数字格式

-p:相关的程序及其PID

-e:扩展格式信息

-m:内存用量

-o:计时器信息

# 用法与netstat相同,组合方式也可以参照netstat

常用组合:-tan,-una,-tnl,-unl,-tunlp,-antup

# ss -tan
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128          *:22                       *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:631                      *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6010                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6011                     *:*                  
ESTAB       0      52     172.18.250.108:22                 172.18.4.1:49701              
ESTAB       0      0      172.18.250.108:22                 172.18.4.1:49924              
LISTEN      0      128         :::22                      :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128        ::1:631                     :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128        ::1:6010                    :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128        ::1:6011                    :::*                  
# ss -uan
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
UNCONN      0      0            *:10042                    *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0      127.0.0.1:323                      *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0            *:68                       *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0          ::1:323                     :::*                  
UNCONN      0      0           :::50626                   :::*              
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ]  [ EXPRESSION ]
[EXPRESSION]
dport =
sport =
# ss -tan '( dport = 22 or sport = 22 )'
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128          *:22                       *:*                  
ESTAB       0      52     172.18.250.108:22                 172.18.4.1:49701              
ESTAB       0      0      172.18.250.108:22                 172.18.4.1:49924              
LISTEN      0      128         :::22                      :::*

四、管理网络属性之配置文件

IP/NETMASK/GW/DNS等配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-IFACE

路由相关的配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/networkj-scripts/route-IFACE

命令方式修改:

CentOS 6:system-config-network

setup

CentOS 7:nmtui

ifcfg-IFACE文件中的参数:

DEVICE:此配置文件对应的设备的名称;

ONBOOT:在系统引导过程中,是否激活此接口;

UUID:此设备的惟一标识;

IPV6INIT:是否初始化IPv6;

BOOTPROTO:激活此接口时使用什么协议来配置接口属性,常用的有dhcp、bootp、static、none;

TYPE:接口类型,常见的有Ethernet, Bridge;

DNS1:第一DNS服务器指向;

DNS2:备用DNS服务器指向;

DOMAIN:DNS搜索域;

IPADDR: IP地址;

NETMASK:子网掩码;CentOS 7支持使用PREFIX以长度方式指明子网掩码;

GATEWAY:默认网关;

USERCTL:是否允许普通用户控制此设备;

PEERDNS:如果BOOTPROTO的值为“dhcp”,是否允许dhcp_server分配的dns服务器指向覆盖本地手动指定的DNS服务器指向;默认为允许;

HWADDR:设备的MAC地址;

NM_CONTROLLED:是否使用NetworkManager服务来控制接口;

示例:

CentOS 7:

IPV6INIT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

DEVICE=eno16777736

ONBOOT=yes

UUID=fc03aa9a-32b4-4d25-9576-288a0e3cd39a

TYPE=Ethernet

DEFROUTE=yes

NAME="System eno16777736"

PEERDNS=yes

IPADDR=172.18.4.1

PREFIX=8

GATEWAY=172.18.0.1

DNS1=202.106.0.20

DNS2=172.18.0.1

CentOS 6:

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:69:45:7B

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=1e9d304f-319a-4467-ac3c-67159f182f33

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=dhcp     

网络服务:

network

NetworkManger

管理网络服务:

CentOS 6: service {network|NetworkManager} {start|stop|restart|status}

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=10.0.0.100
PREFIX=8
GATEWAY=10.0.0.1
DNS1=202.106.0.20
# service network restart 
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down interface eth1:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  
Determining IP information for eth0... done.
                                                           [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth1:  Determining  ip address 10.0.0.100 is already in use for device eth1..             [  OK  ]
# ifconfig eth1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:69:45:85  
          inet addr:10.0.0.100  Bcast:10.255.255.255  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe69:4585/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:411362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:44602847 (42.5 MiB)  TX bytes:28728 (28.0 KiB)

CentOS 7: systemctl  {start|stop|restart|status}  {network|NetworkManager}.service

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno33554984
# Generated by parse-kickstart
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=eno33554984
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME="System eno33554984"
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPADDR=20.0.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=20.0.0.1
DNS1=202.106.0.20
# systemctl restart network.service
# ifconfig eno33554984
eno33554984: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1000
        inet 20.0.0.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 20.0.0.255
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:c1:a6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 406943  bytes 44125370 (42.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 635  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 50  bytes 4620 (4.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

配置文件配置路由:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-IFACE

支持两种配置方式,但不可混用;

(1) 每行一个路由条目:

TARGET  via  GW

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eno33554984
172.0.0.0/8 via 20.0.0.100
# systemctl restart network.service
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
0.0.0.0         20.0.0.1        0.0.0.0         UG    101    0        0 eno33554984
20.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eno33554984
172.0.0.0       20.0.0.100      255.0.0.0       UG    100    0        0 eno33554984
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736

(2) 每三行一个路由条目:

ADDRESS#=TARGET

NETMASK#=MASK

GATEWAY#=NEXTHOP

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eno33554984
ADDRESS0=11.0.0.0
NETMASK0=255.0.0.0
GATEWAY0=20.0.0.100
# systemctl restart network.service
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.18.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
0.0.0.0         20.0.0.1        0.0.0.0         UG    101    0        0 eno33554984
11.0.0.0        20.0.0.100      255.0.0.0       UG    100    0        0 eno33554984
20.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eno33554984
172.18.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     100    0        0 eno16777736

对于CentOS 7的网络属性管理就写到这里了,感觉写的不错可以给点个赞。

作者:  Ace QQ1257465991 Linux运维攻城狮一只

Q/A:如有问题请慷慨提出




(责任编辑:IT)