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MySQL多层级结构-区域表使用树


1.1. 前言

前面我们大概介绍了一下树结构表的基本使用。在我们项目中有好几块有用到多层级的概念。下面我们哪大家都比较熟悉的区域表来做演示。

1.2. 表结构和数据

区域表基本结构,可能在你的项目中还有包含其他字段。这边我只展示我们关心的字段:

 
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CREATE TABLE `area` (
  `area_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '地区ID',
  `name` varchar(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unkonw' COMMENT '地区名称',
  `area_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unkonw' COMMENT '地区编码',
  `pid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '父id',
  `left_num` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '节点左值',
  `right_num` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '节点右值',
  PRIMARY KEY (`area_id`),
  KEY `idx$area$pid` (`pid`),
  KEY `idx$area$left_num` (`left_num`),
  KEY `idx$area$right_num` (`right_num`)
)

区域表数据: area

导入到test表

 
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mysql -uroot -proot test < area.sql

 

1.1. 区域表的基本操作

查看 '广州' 的相关信息

 
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SELECT * FROM area WHERE name LIKE '%广州%';
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
| area_id | name      | area_code | pid  | left_num | right_num |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
|    2148 | 广州市    | 440100    | 2147 |     2879 |      2904 |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+

查看 '广州' 所有孩子

 
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SELECT c.*
FROM area AS p, area AS c
WHERE c.left_num BETWEEN p.left_num AND p.right_num
  AND p.area_id = 2148;
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
| area_id | name      | area_code | pid  | left_num | right_num |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
|    2148 | 广州市    | 440100    | 2147 |     2879 |      2904 |
|    2161 | 从化市    | 440184    | 2148 |     2880 |      2881 |
|    2160 | 增城市    | 440183    | 2148 |     2882 |      2883 |
|    2159 | 花都区    | 440114    | 2148 |     2884 |      2885 |
|    2158 | 番禺区    | 440113    | 2148 |     2886 |      2887 |
|    2157 | 黄埔区    | 440112    | 2148 |     2888 |      2889 |
|    2156 | 白云区    | 440111    | 2148 |     2890 |      2891 |
|    2154 | 天河区    | 440106    | 2148 |     2892 |      2893 |
|    2153 | 海珠区    | 440105    | 2148 |     2894 |      2895 |
|    2152 | 越秀区    | 440104    | 2148 |     2896 |      2897 |
|    2151 | 荔湾区    | 440103    | 2148 |     2898 |      2899 |
|    2150 | 东山区    | 230406    | 2148 |     2900 |      2901 |
|    2149 | 其它区    | 440189    | 2148 |     2902 |      2903 |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+

查看 '广州' 所有孩子 和 深度 并显示层级关系

 
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SELECT sub_child.area_id,
  (COUNT(sub_parent.name) - 1) AS depth,
  CONCAT(REPEAT('  ', (COUNT(sub_parent.name) - 1)), sub_child.name) AS name
FROM (
  SELECT child.*
  FROM area AS parent, area AS child
  WHERE child.left_num BETWEEN parent.left_num AND parent.right_num
    AND parent.area_id = 2148
) AS sub_child, (    
  SELECT child.*
  FROM area AS parent, area AS child
  WHERE child.left_num BETWEEN parent.left_num AND parent.right_num
    AND parent.area_id = 2148
) AS sub_parent
WHERE sub_child.left_num BETWEEN sub_parent.left_num AND sub_parent.right_num
GROUP BY sub_child.area_id
ORDER BY sub_child.left_num;
+---------+-------------+-------+
| area_id | name        | depth |
+---------+-------------+-------+
|    2148 | 广州市      |     0 |
|    2161 |   从化市    |     1 |
|    2160 |   增城市    |     1 |
|    2159 |   花都区    |     1 |
|    2158 |   番禺区    |     1 |
|    2157 |   黄埔区    |     1 |
|    2156 |   白云区    |     1 |
|    2154 |   天河区    |     1 |
|    2153 |   海珠区    |     1 |
|    2152 |   越秀区    |     1 |
|    2151 |   荔湾区    |     1 |
|    2150 |   东山区    |     1 |
|    2149 |   其它区    |     1 |
+---------+-------------+-------+

显示 '广州' 的直系祖先(包括自己)

 
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SELECT p.*
FROM area AS p, area AS c
WHERE c.left_num BETWEEN p.left_num AND p.right_num
  AND c.area_id = 2148;
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
| area_id | name      | area_code | pid  | left_num | right_num |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
|    2147 | 广东省    | 440000    |    0 |     2580 |      2905 |
|    2148 | 广州市    | 440100    | 2147 |     2879 |      2904 |
|    3611 | 中国      | 100000    |   -1 |        1 |      7218 |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+

向 '广州' 插入一个地区 '南沙区'

 
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-- 更新左右值
UPDATE area SET left_num = left_num + 2 WHERE left_num > 2879;
UPDATE area SET right_num = right_num + 2 WHERE right_num > 2879;
 
-- 插入 '南沙区' 信息
INSERT INTO area
SELECT NULL, '南沙区', '440115', 2148, left_num + 1, left_num + 2
FROM area WHERE area_id = 2148;
 
-- 查看是否满足要求
SELECT c.*
FROM area AS p, area AS c
WHERE c.left_num BETWEEN p.left_num AND p.right_num
  AND p.area_id = 2148;
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
| area_id | name      | area_code | pid  | left_num | right_num |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+
|    2148 | 广州市    | 440100    | 2147 |     2879 |      2906 |
|    3612 | 南沙区    | 440115    | 2148 |     2880 |      2881 |
|    2161 | 从化市    | 440184    | 2148 |     2882 |      2883 |
|    2160 | 增城市    | 440183    | 2148 |     2884 |      2885 |
|    2159 | 花都区    | 440114    | 2148 |     2886 |      2887 |
|    2158 | 番禺区    | 440113    | 2148 |     2888 |      2889 |
|    2157 | 黄埔区    | 440112    | 2148 |     2890 |      2891 |
|    2156 | 白云区    | 440111    | 2148 |     2892 |      2893 |
|    2154 | 天河区    | 440106    | 2148 |     2894 |      2895 |
|    2153 | 海珠区    | 440105    | 2148 |     2896 |      2897 |
|    2152 | 越秀区    | 440104    | 2148 |     2898 |      2899 |
|    2151 | 荔湾区    | 440103    | 2148 |     2900 |      2901 |
|    2150 | 东山区    | 230406    | 2148 |     2902 |      2903 |
|    2149 | 其它区    | 440189    | 2148 |     2904 |      2905 |
+---------+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-----------+

 


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