CentOS使用yum进行软件包管理
时间:2016-11-29 20:43 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:IT
CentOS应该是做为服务器的linux的佼佼者。CentOS采用的二进制包是rpm，不过包的依赖性解决有时候却是个问题。我比较喜欢debian的apt,非常方便。以前以为RedHat linux没这么方便，后来发现yum是个不错的东西。yum的使用和apt有几分相似，这样一来对于许多包的安装就方便多了。
这篇文章主要讲两点内容，一是yum使用方法的整理;二是找一个比较快的国内的源，这样一来，yum的大体使用过程就解决了。
1.yum的使用:
1)包的更新
1.1)检查可更新包: yum check-update
1.2)更新所有包: yum update
1.3)更新指定包: yum update package_name
1.4)版本升级: yum upgrade
2)包安装与删除
2.1)yum install package_name
2.2)yum remove package_name
3)包搜索
3.1)搜索特定包: yum search package_name
3.2)搜索包含特定文件名的包:yum provides name
4)包列表
4.1)列出所有安装或更新的包: yum list
4.2)列出指定包:yum list name
4.3)列出可更新包:yum list updates
4.4)列出已安装包:yum list installed
4.5)列出已安装但不包含在资源库中的包:yum list extras
2.yum源设定
2.1)加快yum下载速度: yum -y install yum-fastestmirror,在CentOs 4上名字叫做yum-plugin-fastestmirror
2.2)yum源文件:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
2.3)CentOS 5的yum源设为上海交通大学网站
CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
a.执行
64位：
rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
32位：
rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
b.执行 yum update.
2.4)设置yum源为国内服务器
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/
gpgcheck=1
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/updates/i386/
gpgcheck=1
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/addons/i386/
gpgcheck=1
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/extras/i386/
gpgcheck=1
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/centosplus/i386/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/contrib/i386/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
#packages in testing
[testing]
name=CentOS-5 - Testing
baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/testing/i386/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
a.执行:rpm --import http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
3.这一篇文章只是就yum的基本使用进行整理，尚有许多未涉及到的地方。不过基本的使用已经足够。 (责任编辑：IT)
| CentOS应该是做为服务器的linux的佼佼者。CentOS采用的二进制包是rpm，不过包的依赖性解决有时候却是个问题。我比较喜欢debian的apt,非常方便。以前以为RedHat linux没这么方便，后来发现yum是个不错的东西。yum的使用和apt有几分相似，这样一来对于许多包的安装就方便多了。 这篇文章主要讲两点内容，一是yum使用方法的整理;二是找一个比较快的国内的源，这样一来，yum的大体使用过程就解决了。 1.yum的使用: 1)包的更新 1.1)检查可更新包: yum check-update 1.2)更新所有包: yum update 1.3)更新指定包: yum update package_name 1.4)版本升级: yum upgrade 2)包安装与删除 2.1)yum install package_name 2.2)yum remove package_name 3)包搜索 3.1)搜索特定包: yum search package_name 3.2)搜索包含特定文件名的包:yum provides name 4)包列表 4.1)列出所有安装或更新的包: yum list 4.2)列出指定包:yum list name 4.3)列出可更新包:yum list updates 4.4)列出已安装包:yum list installed 4.5)列出已安装但不包含在资源库中的包:yum list extras 2.yum源设定 2.1)加快yum下载速度: yum -y install yum-fastestmirror,在CentOs 4上名字叫做yum-plugin-fastestmirror 2.2)yum源文件:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 2.3)CentOS 5的yum源设为上海交通大学网站 CentOS-Base.repo [base] name=CentOS-5 - Base #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch& repo=os #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 #released updates [update] name=CentOS-5 - Updates #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 #packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-5 - Addons #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-5 - Extras #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-5 - Plus #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-5 - Contrib #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/contrib/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5 a.执行 64位： rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 32位： rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 b.执行 yum update. 2.4)设置yum源为国内服务器 # CentOS-Base.repo # # This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS. # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # [base] name=CentOS-5 - Base baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/ gpgcheck=1 #released updates [update] name=CentOS-5 - Updates baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/updates/i386/ gpgcheck=1 #packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-5 - Addons baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/addons/i386/ gpgcheck=1 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-5 - Extras baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/extras/i386/ gpgcheck=1 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-5 - Plus baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/centosplus/i386/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-5 - Contrib baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/contrib/i386/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 #packages in testing [testing] name=CentOS-5 - Testing baseurl=http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/testing/i386/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 a.执行:rpm --import http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 3.这一篇文章只是就yum的基本使用进行整理，尚有许多未涉及到的地方。不过基本的使用已经足够。 (责任编辑：IT) |