将旧版本中的postgresql软件包全部删除

[root@wardking ~]# yum remove postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-devel postgresql-plperl postgr
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
—> Package postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
—> Package postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
—> Package postgresql-libs.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
–> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5 for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686
–> Processing Dependency: postgresql-libs for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686
—> Package postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
—> Package postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased
–> Running transaction check
—> Package libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6 will be erased
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================
 Package                                        Arch                             Version
======================================================================================================================
Removing:
 postgresql                                     i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
 postgresql-contrib                             i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
 postgresql-devel                               i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
 postgresql-libs                                i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
 postgresql-plperl                              i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
 postgresql-server                              i686                             8.4.13-1.el6_3
Removing for dependencies:
 libdbi-dbd-pgsql                               i686                             0.8.3-5.1.el6
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Remove        7 Package(s)
Installed size: 34 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Erasing    : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Erasing    : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Erasing    : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Erasing    : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Erasing    : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Erasing    : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686
  Erasing    : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686
Removed:
  postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3          postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3   postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-
  postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3   postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3
Dependency Removed:
  libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6
Complete!

　　2、 开始安装最新版PostgreSQL

　　现在已经可以使用yum直接安装

yum -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-plperl postgresql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn
 * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp
 * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
 * rpmforge: mirror.hmc.edu
 * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed
—> Package postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed
—> Package postgresql92-libs.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed
—> Package postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed
—> Package postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================
 Package                                         Arch                            Version
======================================================================================================================
Installing:
 postgresql92                                    i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
 postgresql92-contrib                            i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
 postgresql92-libs                               i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
 postgresql92-plperl                             i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
 postgresql92-server                             i686                            9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Install       5 Package(s)
Total download size: 5.3 M
Installed size: 21 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm
(2/5): postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm
(3/5): postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm
(4/5): postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm
(5/5): postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm
———————————————————————————————————————-
Total
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Installing : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Installing : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Installing : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Installing : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
  Verifying  : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686
Installed:
  postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6                   postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6            pos
  postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6            postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6
Complete!

　　3、初始化数据库并启动

　　安装操作顺利完成后，对数据库进行初始化，然后启动服务

[root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 initdb
Initializing database:                                     [  OK  ]
[root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 start
Starting postgresql-9.2 service:                           [  OK  ]

　　如果有错误信息出现，检查日志文件 /var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data/pg_log，查找线索

　　4、 配置工作环境

　　PostgreSQL数据库操作的默认账户为postgres，其操作目录为/var/lib/pgsql，配置文件.bash_profile中的默认内容为

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profile
PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data
export PGDATA

　　以上配置中包括了数据库所在的路径，但是没有可执行命令文件所在的目录，为操作便利，更正如下：

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profile
PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data
export PGDATA
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.1/bin
export PATH

　　5、设置默认账户postgres的操作密码

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres
-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres
psql (9.2.1)
Type “help” for help.
postgres=# alter user postgres with password ‘postgres’;
ALTER ROLE
postgres=#

　　6、 提升postgreSQL安全

　　默认配置中，postgreSQL使用明文存储密码，非常不安全，需要修改配置文件，更改密码验证方式为md5

[root@wardking ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data/pg_hba.conf
# Put your actual configuration here
# ———————————-
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
# “host” records.  In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.
# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
# “local” is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     md5
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local   replication     postgres                                peer
#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            ident
#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 ident

　　为了使配置文件生效，必须让postgreSQL重新载入配置，有多种方式可以实现：

　　第一种方式： 直接使用命令操作

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres
-bash-4.1$ pg_ctl reload
server signaled
-bash-4.1$

　　第二种方式：切换到postgres用户，通过psql命令，调用pg_reload_conf();

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres
psql (9.1.1)
Type “help” for help.
postgres=# select pg_reload_conf();
 pg_reload_conf
—————-
 t
(1 row)
postgres=#

　　第三种方式：切换到postgres用户，同样使用psql命令，但无须登录PostgreSQL控制台

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres -c “select pg_reload_conf();”
Password for user postgres:
 pg_reload_conf
—————-
 t
(1 row)
-bash-4.1$

　　允许远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

　　PostgreSQL的主配置文件postgresql.conf位于目录/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data，其中CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION段中的配置如下

#——————————————————————————

# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION

#——————————————————————————

 

# – Connection Settings -

 

#listen_addresses = ‘localhost’ # what IP address(es) to listen on;

 # comma-separated list of addresses;

 # defaults to ‘localhost’, ‘*’ = all

 # (change requires restart)

#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

　　以上默认设置仅接受来自本地(Localhost)的连接，如果需要允许远程主机连接，需要将listen_addresses注释取消，并将localhost更改为*或者指定的网卡IP地址。此处还可以更改默认的监听端口5432

　　修改完成后，需要重新启动postgresql-9.2系统服务，重新载入配置文件后方可生效。

　　如果修改该文件导致服务无法启动，可以查看/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/pg_log文件，查找线索进行排错。

　　重新启动完成后，进入postgres用户控制台，登录数据库操作界面，可以验证更改结果

-bash-4.1$ psql

Password:

psql (9.1.1)

Type “help” for help.

 

postgres=# show listen_addresses;

 listen_addresses

——————

 *

(1 row)

 

 

postgres=# show port;

 port

——

 5432

(1 row)

 

postgres=#

 原文地址：http://www.wardking.com/2012/10/%e4%b8%bacentos%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%