centos7/rhel7配置XFS

时间:2014-09-25 10:13 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:it

XFS是扩展性高、高性能的文件系统。也是rhel7/centos7的默认文件系统。
XFS支持metadata journaling,这使其能从crash中更快速的恢复。
它也支持在挂载和活动的状态下进行碎片整理和扩容。
通过延迟分配，XFS 赢得了许多机会来优化写性能。
可通过工具xfsdump和xfsrestore来备份和恢复xfs文件系统，
xfsdump可使用dump级别来完成增量备份，还可通过size,subtree,inode flags来排除文件。
也支持user、group、project配额。

下面将介绍如何创建xfs文件系统，分配配额以及对其扩容:
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将/dev/sdb分区（2G），并启动LVM功能

[root@localhost zhongq]#parted /dev/sdb

GNU Parted 3.1

Using /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) mkpart primary 4 2048

(parted) set 1 lvm on

(parted) p

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 4194kB 2048MB 2044MB primary lvm

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创建PV

[root@localhost zhongq]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

[root@localhost zhongq]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name centos

PV Size 24.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6274

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 6274

PV UUID 9hp8U7-IJM6-bwbP-G9Vn-IVuJ-yvE8-AkFjcB

"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.90 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb1

VG Name

PV Size 1.90 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID bu7yIH-1440-BPy1-APG2-FpvX-ejLS-2MIlA8

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将/dev/sdb1分配到名为xfsgroup00的VG

[root@localhost zhongq]# vgcreate xfsgroup00 /dev/sdb1

Volume group "xfsgroup00" successfully created

[root@localhost zhongq]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name centos

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 3

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 24.51 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 6274

Alloc PE / Size 6274 / 24.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID T3Ryyg-R0rn-2i5r-7L5o-AZKG-yFkh-CDzhKm

--- Volume group ---

VG Name xfsgroup00

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 1.90 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 487

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 487 / 1.90 GiB

VG UUID ejuwcc-sVES-MWWB-3Mup-n1wB-Kd0g-u7jm0H

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使用命令lvcreate来创建xfsgroup00组大小为1G的名为xfsdata的LV

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvcreate -L 1024M -n xfsdata xfsgroup00

WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y

Wiping xfs signature on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata.

Logical volume "xfsdata" created

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/swap

LV Name swap

VG Name centos

LV UUID EnW3at-KlFG-XGaQ-DOoH-cGPP-8pSf-teSVbh

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:25 +0800

LV Status available

# open 2

LV Size 2.03 GiB

Current LE 520

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:0

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/root

LV Name root

VG Name centos

LV UUID zmZGkv-Ln4W-B8AY-oDnD-BEk2-6VWL-L0cZOv

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:26 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 22.48 GiB

Current LE 5754

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:1

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

LV Name xfsdata

VG Name xfsgroup00

LV UUID O4yvoY-XGcD-0zPm-eilR-3JJP-updU-rRCSlJ

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-09-23 15:50:19 +0800

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 1.00 GiB

Current LE 256

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:3

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格式化分区为xfs文件系统。
注意：xfs被创建后，其size将无法缩小，但可以通过xfs_growfs来增大

[root@localhost zhongq]# mkfs.xfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

meta-data=/dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

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挂载xfs系统分区到指定目录，并通过参数uquota,gquota开启文件系统配额。

[root@localhost zhongq]# mkdir /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# mount -o uquota,gquota /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# chmod 777 /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]# mount|grep xfsdata

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata on /xfsdata type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,usrquota,grpquota)

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使用xfs_quota命令来查看配额信息以及为用户和目录分配配额，并验证配额限制是否生效。

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata

User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

Blocks

User ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root 0 0 0 00 [--------]

Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

Blocks

Group ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root 0 0 0 00 [--------]

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'limit bsoft=100M bhard=120M zhongq' /xfsdata

[root@localhost zhongq]#xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata

User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

Blocks

User ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root 0 0 0 00 [--------]

zhongq 0 102400 122880 00 [--------]

Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)

Blocks

Group ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace

---------- --------------------------------------------------

root 0 0 0 00 [--------]

[root@localhost zhongq]# su zhongq

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq00 bs=1M count=100

100+0 records in

100+0 records out

104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 28.9833 s, 3.6 MB/s

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq01 bs=1M count=100

dd: error writing ‘/xfsdata/zq01’: Disk quota exceeded

21+0 records in

20+0 records out

20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 4.18921 s, 5.0 MB/s

[zhongq@localhost ~]$ exit

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota

xfs_quota> help

df [-bir] [-hn] [-f file] -- show free and used counts for blocks and inodes

help [command] -- help for one or all commands

print -- list known mount points and projects

quit -- exit the program

quota [-bir] [-gpu] [-hnNv] [-f file] [id|name]... -- show usage and limits

Use 'help commandname' for extended help.

xfs_quota> print

Filesystem Pathname

/ /dev/mapper/centos-root

/boot /dev/sda1

/var/lib/docker /dev/mapper/centos-root

/xfsdata /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata (uquota, gquota)

xfs_quota> quota -u zhongq

Disk quotas for User zhongq (1000)

Filesystem Blocks Quota Limit Warn/Time Mounted on

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata 122880 102400 122880 00 [6 days] /xfsdata

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先使用命令lvextend将LV扩展为1.5G(初始容量是1G)，然后使用命令xfs_growfs来对xfs文件系统扩容（这里以block计数）

[root@localhost zhongq]# lvextend -L 1.5G /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata

Extending logical volume xfsdata to 1.50 GiB

Logical volume xfsdata successfully resized

[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_growfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata -D 393216

meta-data=/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 262144 to 393216

[root@localhost zhongq]# df -h|grep xfsdata

/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata 1.5G 153M 1.4G 10% /xfsdata

(责任编辑：IT)