Linux探索：一次删除一百万个文件的最快方法
时间:2014-10-07 10:51 来源:linux.it.net.cn 作者:it
最初的测评
昨天，我看到一个非常有趣的删除一个目录下的海量文件的方法。这个方法来自http://www.quora.com/How-can-someone-rapidly-delete-400-000-files 里的Zhenyu Lee。
他没有使用find 或 xargs，他很有创意的利用了rsync的强大功能，使用rsync -delete将目标文件夹以一个空文件夹来替换。之后，我做了一个实验来比较各种方法。让我吃惊的是，Lee的方法要比其它的快的多。下面就是我的测评。
环境：
Method
# Of Files
Deletion Time
rsync -a -delete empty/ s1/
1000000
6m50.638s
find s2/ -type f -delete
1000000
87m38.826s
find s3/ -type f | xargs -L 100 rm
1000000
83m36.851s
find s4/ -type f | xargs -L 100 -P 100 rm
1000000
78m4.658s
rm -rf s5
1000000
80m33.434s
使用 -delete 和 -exclude，你可以选择性删除符合条件的文件。还有一点，当你需要保留这个目录做其它用处时，这种方法是再适合不过了。
重新测评
几天前， Keith-Winstein 在回复 Quora上的这个帖子 时说我之前的测评无法复制，因为操作的时间持续的太久。我澄清一下，这些数据过大，可能是因为我的计算机在过去的几年里做的事太多，测评中可能存在一些文件系统错误。但我不确定是这些原因。现在好了，我弄了一天比较新的计算机，把测评再做一次。这次我使用/usr/bin/time，它能提供更详细的信息。下面就是新的结果。
(每次都是1000000个文件。每个文件的体积都是0。)
Command
Elapsed
System Time
%CPU
cs (Vol/Invol)
rsync -a -delete empty/ a
10.60
1.31
95
106/22
find b/ -type f -delete
28.51
14.46
52
14849/11
find c/ -type f | xargs -L 100 rm
41.69
20.60
54
37048/15074
find d/ -type f | xargs -L 100 -P 100 rm
34.32
27.82
89
929897/21720
rm -rf f
31.29
14.80
47
15134/11
原始输出
# method 1
~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v rsync -a --delete empty/ a/
Command being timed: "rsync -a --delete empty/ a/"
User time (seconds): 1.31
System time (seconds): 10.60
Percent of CPU this job got: 95%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:12.42
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Average resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 24378
Voluntary context switches: 106
Involuntary context switches: 22
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0 # method 2
Command being timed: "find b/ -type f -delete"
User
time (seconds): 0.41
System time (seconds): 14.46
Percent of CPU this job got: 52%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:28.51
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Average resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 11749
Voluntary context switches: 14849
Involuntary context switches: 11
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0 # method 3 find c/ -type f | xargs -L 100 rm ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v ./delete.sh
Command being timed: "./delete.sh"
User
time (seconds): 2.06
System time (seconds): 20.60
Percent of CPU this job got: 54%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:41.69
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Average resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1764225
Voluntary context switches: 37048
Involuntary context switches: 15074
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0 # method 4 find d/ -type f | xargs -L 100 -P 100 rm ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v ./delete.sh
Command being timed: "./delete.sh"
User
time (seconds): 2.86
System time (seconds): 27.82
Percent of CPU this job got: 89%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:34.32
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Average resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1764278
Voluntary context switches: 929897
Involuntary context switches: 21720
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0 # method 5 ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v rm -rf f
Command being timed: "rm -rf f"
User
time (seconds): 0.20
System time (seconds): 14.80
Percent of CPU this job got: 47%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:31.29
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Average resident set
size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 176
Voluntary context switches: 15134
Involuntary context switches: 11
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0
我真的十分好奇为什么Lee的方法要比其它的快，竟然比rm -rf也要快。如果有人知道，请写在下面，非常感谢。
-
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E8400 @ 3.00GHz
-
MEM: 4G
-
HD: ST3250318AS: 250G/7200RPM
(责任编辑：IT)
最初的测评昨天，我看到一个非常有趣的删除一个目录下的海量文件的方法。这个方法来自http://www.quora.com/How-can-someone-rapidly-delete-400-000-files 里的Zhenyu Lee。 他没有使用find 或 xargs，他很有创意的利用了rsync的强大功能，使用rsync -delete将目标文件夹以一个空文件夹来替换。之后，我做了一个实验来比较各种方法。让我吃惊的是，Lee的方法要比其它的快的多。下面就是我的测评。 环境：
使用 -delete 和 -exclude，你可以选择性删除符合条件的文件。还有一点，当你需要保留这个目录做其它用处时，这种方法是再适合不过了。 重新测评几天前， Keith-Winstein 在回复 Quora上的这个帖子 时说我之前的测评无法复制，因为操作的时间持续的太久。我澄清一下，这些数据过大，可能是因为我的计算机在过去的几年里做的事太多，测评中可能存在一些文件系统错误。但我不确定是这些原因。现在好了，我弄了一天比较新的计算机，把测评再做一次。这次我使用/usr/bin/time，它能提供更详细的信息。下面就是新的结果。 (每次都是1000000个文件。每个文件的体积都是0。)
原始输出# method 1 ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v rsync -a --delete empty/ a/ Command being timed: "rsync -a --delete empty/ a/" User time (seconds): 1.31 System time (seconds): 10.60 Percent of CPU this job got: 95% Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:12.42 Average shared text size (kbytes): 0 Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0 Average stack size (kbytes): 0 Average total size (kbytes): 0 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 0 Average resident set size (kbytes): 0 Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0 Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 24378 Voluntary context switches: 106 Involuntary context switches: 22 Swaps: 0 File system inputs: 0 File system outputs: 0 Socket messages sent: 0 Socket messages received: 0 Signals delivered: 0 Page size (bytes): 4096 Exit status: 0 # method 2 Command being timed: "find b/ -type f -delete" User time (seconds): 0.41 System time (seconds): 14.46 Percent of CPU this job got: 52% Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:28.51 Average shared text size (kbytes): 0 Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0 Average stack size (kbytes): 0 Average total size (kbytes): 0 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 0 Average resident set size (kbytes): 0 Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0 Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 11749 Voluntary context switches: 14849 Involuntary context switches: 11 Swaps: 0 File system inputs: 0 File system outputs: 0 Socket messages sent: 0 Socket messages received: 0 Signals delivered: 0 Page size (bytes): 4096 Exit status: 0 # method 3 find c/ -type f | xargs -L 100 rm ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v ./delete.sh Command being timed: "./delete.sh" User time (seconds): 2.06 System time (seconds): 20.60 Percent of CPU this job got: 54% Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:41.69 Average shared text size (kbytes): 0 Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0 Average stack size (kbytes): 0 Average total size (kbytes): 0 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 0 Average resident set size (kbytes): 0 Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0 Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1764225 Voluntary context switches: 37048 Involuntary context switches: 15074 Swaps: 0 File system inputs: 0 File system outputs: 0 Socket messages sent: 0 Socket messages received: 0 Signals delivered: 0 Page size (bytes): 4096 Exit status: 0 # method 4 find d/ -type f | xargs -L 100 -P 100 rm ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v ./delete.sh Command being timed: "./delete.sh" User time (seconds): 2.86 System time (seconds): 27.82 Percent of CPU this job got: 89% Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:34.32 Average shared text size (kbytes): 0 Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0 Average stack size (kbytes): 0 Average total size (kbytes): 0 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 0 Average resident set size (kbytes): 0 Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0 Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1764278 Voluntary context switches: 929897 Involuntary context switches: 21720 Swaps: 0 File system inputs: 0 File system outputs: 0 Socket messages sent: 0 Socket messages received: 0 Signals delivered: 0 Page size (bytes): 4096 Exit status: 0 # method 5 ~/test $ /usr/bin/time -v rm -rf f Command being timed: "rm -rf f" User time (seconds): 0.20 System time (seconds): 14.80 Percent of CPU this job got: 47% Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:31.29 Average shared text size (kbytes): 0 Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0 Average stack size (kbytes): 0 Average total size (kbytes): 0 Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 0 Average resident set size (kbytes): 0 Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0 Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 176 Voluntary context switches: 15134 Involuntary context switches: 11 Swaps: 0 File system inputs: 0 File system outputs: 0 Socket messages sent: 0 Socket messages received: 0 Signals delivered: 0 Page size (bytes): 4096 Exit status: 0 我真的十分好奇为什么Lee的方法要比其它的快，竟然比rm -rf也要快。如果有人知道，请写在下面，非常感谢。
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