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CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建


环境:

  CentOS X64 6.4

  nginx 1.5.6

  Python 2.7.5

  一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5

  安装必要的开发包

  yum groupinstall "Development tools"

  yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readLINE-devel tk-devel

  CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

  cd ~

  wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

  tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

  cd Python-2.7.5

  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

  make && make altinstall

  安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

  二:安装Python包管理

  easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

  方便安装Python的开发包

  cd ~

  wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

  tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

  cd distribute-0.6.49

  python2.7 setup.py install

  easy_install --version

  红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

  pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

  安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

  easy_install pip

  pip --version

  三:安装uwsgi

  uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

  uwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

  pip install uwsgi

  uwsgi --version

  测试uwsgi是否正常:

  新建test.py文件,内容如下:

  def application(env, start_response):

  start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])

  return "Hello World"

  然后在终端运行:

  uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

  在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

  四:安装django

  pip install django

  测试django是否正常,运行:

  django-admin.py startproject demosite

  cd demosite

  python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

  在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

  五:安装nginx

  cd ~

  wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz

  tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz

  cd nginx-1.5.6

  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 

  --with-http_stub_status_module 

  --with-http_gzip_static_module

  make && make install

  六:配置uwsgi

  uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

  在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

  [uwsgi]

  socket = 127.0.0.1:9090

  master = true //主进程

  vhost = true //多站模式

  no-stie = true //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件

  workers = 2 //子进程数

  reload-mercy = 10

  vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理文件

  max-requests = 1000

  limit-as = 512

  buffer-sizi = 30000

  pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程

  daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

  设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

  #! /bin/sh

  # chkconfig: 2345 55 25

  # Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and

  # run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your

  # distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'

  ### BEGIN INIT INFO

  # Provides: uwsgi

  # Required-Start: $all

  # Required-Stop: $all

  # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

  # Default-Stop: 0 1 6

  # Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server

  # Description: starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon

  ### END INIT INFO

  # Author: licess

  # website: http://lnmp.org

  PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

  DESC="uwsgi daemon"

  NAME=uwsgi9090

  DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi

  CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini

  PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid

  SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

  set -e

  [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

  do_start() {

  $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"

  }

  do_stop() {

  $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"

  rm -f $PIDFILE

  echo "$DAEMON STOPED."

  }

  do_reload() {

  $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"

  }

  do_status() {

  ps aux|grep $DAEMON

  }

  case "$1" in

  status)

  echo -en "Status $NAME: n"

  do_status

  ;;

  start)

  echo -en "Starting $NAME: n"

  do_start

  ;;

  stop)

  echo -en "Stopping $NAME: n"

  do_stop

  ;;

  reload|graceful)

  echo -en "Reloading $NAME: n"

  do_reload

  ;;

  *)

  echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2

  exit 3

  ;;

  esac

  exit 0

  然后在终端执行:

  -- 添加服务

  chkconfig --add uwsgi9090

  -- 设置开机启动

  chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

  七:设置nginx

  找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

  server {

  listen 80;

  server_name localhost;

  location / {

  include uwsgi_params;

  uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致

  uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi; //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录

  uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite; //项目根目录

  index index.html index.htm;

  client_max_body_size 35m;

  }

  }

  设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

  #!/bin/sh

  #

  # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

  #

  # chkconfig: - 85 15

  # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse 

  # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

  # processname: nginx

  # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

  # Source function library.

  . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

  # Source networking configuration.

  . /etc/sysconfig/network

  # Check that networking is up.

  [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

  nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"

  prog=$(basename $nginx)

  NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"

  [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

  lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

  start() {

  [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

  [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

  echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

  daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

  retval=$?

  echo

  [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

  return $retval

  }

  stop() {

  echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

  killproc $prog -QUIT

  retval=$?

  echo

  [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

  return $retval

  }

  restart() {

  configtest || return $?

  stop

  sleep 1

  start

  }

  reload() {

  configtest || return $?

  echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

  killproc $nginx -HUP

  RETVAL=$?

  echo

  }

  force_reload() {

  restart

  }

  configtest() {

  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

  }

  rh_status() {

  status $prog

  }

  rh_status_q() {

  rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

  }

  case "$1" in

  start)

  rh_status_q && exit 0

  $1

  ;;

  stop)

  rh_status_q || exit 0

  $1

  ;;

  restart|configtest)

  $1

  ;;

  reload)

  rh_status_q || exit 7

  $1

  ;;

  force-reload)

  force_reload

  ;;

  status)

  rh_status

  ;;

  condrestart|try-restart)

  rh_status_q || exit 0

  ;;

  *)

  echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

  exit 2

  esac

  然后在终端执行:

  -- 添加服务

  chkconfig --add nginx

  -- 设置开机启动

  chkconfig nginx on

  八:测试

  OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

  service uwsgi9090 start

  service nginx start

  在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

  九:其他配置

  防火墙设置

  CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

  在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

  -A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 80 j ACCEPT

  -A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 3306 j ACCEPT

  然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

  service iptables restart

  安装Mysqldb

  yum -y install mysql-devel

  easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

  注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

(责任编辑:IT)