前言
关于 ssh 的好处, 相信不用我多说了吧? 簡而言之, 之前的 rpc command 于 telnet 都全可用 ssh 代替. 比方如下的這些常見功能:
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- 远程登录
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ssh user@remote.machine
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- 远程执行
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ssh user@remote.machine 'command ...'
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- 远程复制
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scp user@remote.machine:/remote/path /local/path
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scp /local/path user@remote.machine:/remote/path
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- X forward
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ssh -X user@remote.machine
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xcommand ...
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- Tunnel / Portforward
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ssh -L 1234:remote.machine:4321 user@remote.machine
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ssh -R 1234:local.machine:4321 user@remote.machine
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ssh -L 1234:other.machine:4321 user@remote.machine
至於详细的用法, 我這就不說了. 请读者自行研究吧.
我这里要说的, 是针对 ssh 服务为大家介绍一些安全技巧, 希望大家用得更安心些
实例
(以 RedHat 9 为例)
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轉往 client 端:
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$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
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* 按三下 enter 完成﹔不需設密碼,除非您會用 ssh-agent .
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$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user1@server.machine:id_rsa.pub
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* 若是 windows client, 可用 puttygen.exe 產生 public key,
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然後複制到 server 端後修改之, 使其內容成為單一一行.
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* 如果 server 端已經禁止密碼登入, 那請用其它放法復製 publick key.
登入 server 端:
(最好還將 SSL 設起來, 或只限 https 連線更佳, 我這裡略過 SSL 設定, 請讀者自補.) (如需控制連線來源, 那請再補 Allow/Deny 項目, 也請讀者自補.)
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# cat > /var/www/html/ssh_open/ssh_open.php <<END
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<?
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//Set dir path for ip list
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$dir_path=".";
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//Set filename for ip list
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$ip_list="ssh_open.txt";
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//Get client ip
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$user_ip=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
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//allow specifying ip if needed
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if (@$_GET['myip']) {
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$user_ip=$_GET['myip'];
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}
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//checking IP format
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if ($user_ip==long2ip(ip2long($user_ip))) {
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//Put client ip to a file
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if(@!($file = fopen("$dir_path/$ip_list","w+")))
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{
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echo "Permission denied!!<br>";
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echo "Pls Check your rights to dir $dir_path or file $ip_list";
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}
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else
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{
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fputs($file,"$user_ip");
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fclose($file);
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echo "client ip($user_ip) has put into $dir_path/$ip_list";
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}
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} else {
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echo "Invalid IP format!!<br>ssh_open.txt was not changed.";
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}
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?>
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END
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# touch /var/www/html/ssh_open/ssh_open.txt
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# chmod 640 /var/www/html/ssh_open/*
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# chgrp apache /var/www/html/ssh_open/*
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# chmod g+w /var/www/html/ssh_open/ssh_open.txt
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# chmod o+t /var/www/html/ssh_open
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# service httpd restart
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# mkdir /etc/iptables
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# cat > /etc/iptables/sshopen.sh <<END
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#!/bin/bash
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PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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list_dir=/var/www/html/ssh_open
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list_file=$list_dir/allow_ssh.txt
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bad_list=$list_dir/bad_ip.txt
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auth_log=$list_dir/xinetd.log
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trusted_ip="127.0.0.1 4.3.2.1"
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chain_name=ssh_rules
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mail_to=root
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# clear chain if exits, or create chain.
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iptables -L -n | /bin/grep -q "^Chain $chain_name" && {
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iptables -F $chain_name
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true
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} || {
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iptables -N $chain_name
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iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j $chain_name
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}
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# clear chain on demand
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[ "$1" = clear ] && {
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iptables -F $chain_name
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cat /dev/null > $list_file
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exit 0
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}
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# do nothing while list is empty
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[ -s $list_file ] || exit 1
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# deny connection if host dosn't math to list
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host_ip=$(grep 'myssh from=' $auth_log | tail -1 | awk -F'=' '{print $NF}')
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list_ip=$(cat $list_file)
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if [ -n "$host_ip" -a "$host_ip" != "$list_ip" ]; then
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echo -e "${trusted_ip/ /\n}" | grep -q "$host_ip" || {
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/sbin/iptables-save | grep -q "INPUT -s $host_IP -j DROP$" || {
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/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s $host_ip -j DROP
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echo $host_ip >> $bad_list
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echo "$host_ip is blocked by $0 on $(date)" | mail -s "block
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ip" $mail_to
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}
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}
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exit 2
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fi
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# add rule
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iptables -A $chain_name -p tcp --dport 22 -s $(< $list_file) -j ACCEPT && \
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echo "ssh opened to $(< $list_file) on $(date)" | \
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mail -s "sshopen" $mail_to
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exit 0
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END
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# chmod +x /etc/iptables/sshopen.sh
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# echo -e 'sshopen\t\t1234/tcp' >> /etc/services
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# cat > /etc/xinetd.d/sshopen <<END
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service sshopen
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{
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log_type = FILE /studyarea/www/phorum/xinetd.log
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log_on_success = HOST
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log_on_failure = HOST
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disable = no
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socket_type = stream
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protocol = tcp
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wait = no
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user = root
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server = /etc/iptables/sshopen.sh
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}
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# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1234 -j ACCEPT
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# cat > /etc/cron.d/sshopen <<END
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*/5 * * * * root /etc/iptables/sshopen.sh clear
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END
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轉往 client 端
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在 browser URL 輸入:
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http://server.machine/ssh_open/ssh_open.php?myip=1.2.3.4
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(若不指定 ?myip=1.2.3.4 則以 client 當時 IP 為準, 若沒經 proxy 的話.)
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如此, server 端的 ssh_open.txt 只有單一記錄, 每次蓋寫.
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接著:
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$ telnet server.machine 1234
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然後你有最多 5 分鐘時間用 ssh 連線 server !
此步驟的基本構思如下:
這樣, 那些亂 try SSH 的家夥, 頂多能試 5 次(LIMIT 可調整), 然後就給 BLOCK 掉了. 此外, 在 PERM_LIST 的 ip, 也可提供給 iptables 的初始 script , 來個永久性封閉:
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for i in $(< $PERM_LIST)
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do
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/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s $i -j DROP
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done
這裡, 我只是設為發信給 root.
事實上, 你可修改為起動 firewall 將 %a 這個傳回值給 ban 掉也行.
不過, 對方要是有選擇性的做 port scan , 沒掃到 finger 的話, 那當然就沒用了...
(责任编辑:IT) |