概述
Docs : http://docs.ceph.com/docs
Ceph是一个分布式文件系统,在维持POSIX兼容性的同时加入了复制和容错功能。Ceph最大的特点是分布式的元数据服务器,通过CRUSH(Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing)这种拟算法来分配文件的location。Ceph的核心是RADOS(ReliableAutonomic Distributed Object Store),一个对象集群存储,本身提供对象的高可用、错误检测和修复功能。
Ceph生态系统架构可以划分为四部分:
client:客户端(数据用户)。client向外export出一个POSIX文件系统接口,供应用程序调用,并连接mon/mds/osd,进行元数据及数据交互;最原始的client使用FUSE来实现的,现在写到内核里面了,需要编译一个ceph.ko内核模块才能使用。
mon:集群监视器,其对应的daemon程序为cmon(Ceph Monitor)。mon监视和管理整个集群,对客户端export出一个网络文件系统,客户端可以通过mount -t ceph monitor_ip:/ mount_point命令来挂载Ceph文件系统。根据官方的说法,3个mon可以保证集群的可靠性。
mds:元数据服务器,其对应的daemon程序为cmds(Ceph Metadata Server)。Ceph里可以有多个MDS组成分布式元数据服务器集群,就会涉及到Ceph中动态目录分割来进行负载均衡。
osd:对象存储集群,其对应的daemon程序为cosd(Ceph Object StorageDevice)。osd将本地文件系统封装一层,对外提供对象存储的接口,将数据和元数据作为对象存储。这里本地的文件系统可以是ext2/3,但Ceph认为这些文件系统并不能适应osd特殊的访问模式,它们之前自己实现了ebofs,而现在Ceph转用btrfs。
Ceph支持成百上千甚至更多的节点,以上四个部分最好分布在不同的节点上。当然,对于基本的测试,可以把mon和mds装在一个节点上,也可以把四个部分全都部署在同一个节点上。
环境
hostname ip role filesystem release
master01 192.168.9.10 mon,mds,osd xfs CentOS release 6.7[2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64]
agent01 192.168.9.20 osd,[mon,mds] xfs CentOS release 6.7[2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64]
ocean-lab 192.168.9.70 client xfs CentOS release 6.7[4.3.0-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64]
版本
^_^[16:26:11][root@master01 ~]#ceph -v
ceph version 0.80.5 (38b73c67d375a2552d8ed67843c8a65c2c0feba6)
Repo
Epel
yum install ceph ceph-common python-ceph
yum install ceph-fuse # for client
host 解析
192.168.9.10 master01.ocean.org master01
192.168.9.20 agent01.ocean.org agent01
192.168.9.70 ocean-lab.ocean.org ocean-lab
Ceph 配置
^_^[16:26:15][root@master01 ~]#cat /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
[global]
public network = 192.168.9.0/24
pid file = /var/run/ceph/$name.pid
auth cluster required = none
auth service required = none
auth client required = none
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
osd pool default size = 1
osd pool default min size = 1
osd pool default crush rule = 0
osd crush chooseleaf type = 1
[mon]
mon data = /var/lib/ceph/mon/$name
mon clock drift allowed = .15
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[mon.0]
host = master01
mon addr = 192.168.9.10:6789
[mds]
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[mds.0]
host = master01
[osd]
osd data = /ceph/osd$id
osd recovery max active = 5
osd mkfs type = xfs
osd journal = /ceph/osd$id/journal
osd journal size = 1000
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[osd.0]
host = master01
devs = /dev/sdc1
[osd.1]
host = master01
devs = /dev/sdc2
启动ceph(在mon上执行)
初始化:
mkcephfs -a -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
/etc/init.d/ceph -a start
执行健康检查
ceph health #也可以使用ceph -s命令查看状态
如果返回的是HEALTH_OK,则代表成功!
挂载ceph
mount
升级系统内核
kernel 2.6.34以前的版本是没有Module rbd的,把系统内核版本升级到最新
rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml -y
安装完内核后修改/etc/grub.conf配置文件使
修改配置文件中的 Default=1 to Default=0
验证内核支持
#modprobe -l|grep ceph
kernel/fs/ceph/ceph.ko
kernel/net/ceph/libceph.ko
#modprobe ceph
机器重启后生效 init 6
mount -t ceph 192.168.9.10:6789:/ /mnt/ceph
[17:07:39][root@ocean-lab ~]$ df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oceani-lv_root
ext4 30G 7.7G 21G 28% /
tmpfs tmpfs 111M 0 111M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 500M 94M 375M 21% /boot
192.168.9.10:/data2 nfs 30G 25G 4.0G 87% /mnt/log
192.168.9.10:6789:/ ceph 172G 5.4G 167G 4% /mnt/ceph
ceph-fuse [未测]
mon推荐有至少3个,假如挂掉一个、服务也能正常使用
ceph-fuse -m 192.168.9.10:6789,192.168.9.20:6789 /mnt/ceph
增加OSD
http://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/add-or-rm-osds/
这里在agent01新增硬盘
[15:58:07][root@agent01 ~]$ cat /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
[global]
public network = 192.168.9.0/24
pid file = /var/run/ceph/$name.pid
auth cluster required = none
auth service required = none
auth client required = none
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
osd pool default size = 1
osd pool default min size = 1
osd pool default crush rule = 0
osd crush chooseleaf type = 1
[mon]
mon data = /var/lib/ceph/mon/$name
mon clock drift allowed = .15
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[mon.0]
host = master01
mon addr = 192.168.9.10:6789
[mds]
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[mds.0]
host = master01
[osd]
osd data = /ceph/osd$id
osd recovery max active = 5
osd mkfs type = xfs
osd journal = /ceph/osd$id/journal
osd journal size = 1000
keyring = /etc/ceph/keyring.$name
[osd.2]
host = agent01
devs = /dev/sdc1
[osd.3]
host = agent01
devs = /dev/sdc2
master01 ~ $ cd /etc/ceph; scp keyring.client.admin agent01:/etc/ceph/
以下操作都在新增OSD节点上操作
初始化新增osd节点,需要在新增的节点机器上运行,这里在10.2.180.180上运行
ceph-osd -i 2 --mkfs --mkkey;
ceph-osd -i 3 --mkfs --mkkey;
加入节点
ceph auth add osd.2 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow rwx' -i /etc/ceph/keyring.osd.2;
ceph auth add osd.3 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow rwx' -i /etc/ceph/keyring.osd.3;
ceph osd create #added key for osd.2
ceph osd create #added key for osd.3
ceph osd rm osd_num # 删除osd
/etc/init.d/ceph -a start osd.2 #启动osd.2
/etc/init.d/ceph -a start osd.3 #启动osd.3
/etc/init.d/ceph -a start osd #启动所有osd
ceph -s #查看状态
ceph auth list #能查看所有认证节点
增加MDS
增加agent01 MDS到节点
将以下配置增加到配置文件,并同步到节点
[mds.1]
host = agent01
以下操作都在新增OSD节点上操作
生成key
ceph-authtool --create-keyring --gen-key -n mds.1 /etc/ceph/keyring.mds.1
加入认证
ceph auth add mds.1 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow rwx' mds 'allow' -i /etc/ceph/keyring.mds.1
启动新增MDS
/etc/init.d/ceph -a start mds.1
查看mds
^_^[10:06:51][root@master01 ~]# ceph mds stat
e50: 1/1/1 up {0=0=up:active}, 1 up:standby
增加MON
http://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/add-or-rm-mons/
增加agent01 MDS到节点
将以下配置增加到配置文件,并同步到节点
[mon.1]
host = agent01
mon addr = 192.168.9.20:6789
导出key及mon map
mkdir /tmp/ceph
ceph auth get mon. -o /tmp/ceph/keyring.mon
ceph mon getmap -o /tmp/ceph/monmap
初始化新mon
ceph-mon -i 1 --mkfs --monmap /tmp/ceph/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph/keyring.mon
启动新mon
ceph-mon -i 1 --public-addr 192.168.9.20:6789
加入quorum votes
ceph mon add 1 192.168.9.20:6789
查看mon
^_^[10:13:44][root@master01 ~]#ceph mon stat
e2: 2 mons at {0=192.168.9.10:6789/0,1=192.168.9.20:6789/0}, election epoch 2, quorum 0,1 0,1
FAQ:
^_^[11:19:10][root@master01 ~]#/etc/init.d/ceph -a start
=== mon.0 ===
Starting Ceph mon.0 on master01...already running
=== mds.0 ===
Starting Ceph mds.0 on master01...already running
=== osd.0 ===
Mounting xfs on master01:/ceph/osd0
Error ENOENT: osd.0 does not exist. create it before updating the crush map
failed: 'timeout 30 /usr/bin/ceph -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --name=osd.0 --keyring=/etc/ceph/keyring.osd.0 osd crush create-or-move -- 0 0.04 host=master01 root=default'
@_@[11:20:59][root@master01 ~]#ceph osd create
0
@_@[11:21:11][root@master01 ~]#ceph osd create
1
^_^[11:21:20][root@master01 ~]#/etc/init.d/ceph start osd.1
=== osd.1 ===
Mounting xfs on master01:/ceph/osd1
create-or-move updated item name 'osd.1' weight 0.04 at location {host=master01,root=default} to crush map
Starting Ceph osd.1 on master01...
starting osd.1 at :/0 osd_data /ceph/osd1 /ceph/osd1/journal
(责任编辑:IT) |