简介
Tengine是由淘宝网发起的Web服务器项目。它在Nginx的基础上,针对大访问量网站的需求,添加了很多高级功能和特性。Tengine的性能和稳定性已经在大型的网站如淘宝网,天猫商城等得到了很好的检验。它的最终目标是打造一个高效、稳定、安全、易用的Web平台。
目前稳定版[2013-11-22] Tengine-1.5.2
特性
继承Nginx-1.2.9的所有特性,100%兼容Nginx的配置;
动态模块加载(DSO)支持。加入一个模块不再需要重新编译整个Tengine;
流式上传到HTTP后端服务器或FastCGI服务器,大量减少机器的I/O压力;
更加强大的负载均衡能力,包括一致性hash模块、会话保持模块,还可以对后端的服务器进行主动健康检查,根据服务器状态自动上线下线;
输入过滤器机制支持。通过使用这种机制Web应用防火墙的编写更为方便;
动态脚本语言Lua支持。扩展功能非常高效简单;
支持管道(pipe)和syslog(本地和远端)形式的日志以及日志抽样;
组合多个CSS、JavaScript文件的访问请求变成一个请求;
自动去除空白字符和注释从而减小页面的体积
自动根据CPU数目设置进程个数和绑定CPU亲缘性;
监控系统的负载和资源占用从而对系统进行保护;
显示对运维人员更友好的出错信息,便于定位出错机器;
更强大的防攻击(访问速度限制)模块;
更方便的命令行参数,如列出编译的模块列表、支持的指令等;
可以根据访问文件类型设置过期时间;
…
安装jemalloc可以增加性能
- cd /root/src/toolkits/
- wget http://www.canonware.com/download/jemalloc/jemalloc-3.4.1.tar.bz2
- tar jxvf jemalloc-3.4.1.tar.bz2
- cd jemalloc-3.4.1
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jemalloc-3.4.1
- make && make install
- ldconfig
GeoIP白名单
- wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/GeoIP.tar.gz
- tar -zxvf GeoIP.tar.gz
- cd GeoIP-1.4.6
- ./configure
- make; make install
- ldconfig
使用proxy_cache时增加purge模块
- wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.1.tar.gz
- tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.1.tar.gz
- --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.1
后端nginx编译时需加上–with-http_realip_module以获取真实ip,并指定来源
- set_real_ip_from 61.199.67.2; #前端ip
- set_real_ip_from 192.168.0.111;#前端ip
- real_ip_header X-Real-IP;
编译安装tengine
jemalloc为编译路径
- wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz
- tar zxvf tengine-1.5.1.tar.gz
- cd tengine-1.5.1
- ./configure --user=www --group=website --prefix=/opt/tengine-1.5.1 --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.1 --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module \
- --with-http_concat_module=shared \
- --with-http_sysguard_module=shared \
- --with-http_limit_conn_module=shared \
- --with-http_limit_req_module=shared \
- --with-http_footer_filter_module=shared \
- --with-http_upstream_ip_hash_module=shared \
- --with-http_upstream_least_conn_module=shared \
- --with-http_upstream_session_sticky_module=shared \
- --with-jemalloc=/root/src/lempelf/packages/jemalloc-3.4.1
- make
- make install
GeoIp数据
- cd /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf
- wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCountry/GeoIP.dat.gz
- gunzip GeoIP.dat.gz
- chgrp -R website /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf
- chmod -R 764 /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf
- chmod 774 /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf
复制原nginx的配制文件于tengine
- cd /opt/nginx/conf
- cp awstats.conf fcgi.conf htpasswd block.conf nginx.conf /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/
检测配置文件
- /opt/tengine-1.5.1/sbin/nginx -t -c /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf
- nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "limit_zone" in /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf:71
- nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "limit_conn" in /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf:136
- 如果有以上错误,需去掉limit_conn配置,ngx_http_limit_conn_module 模块在新版已使用新指令
增加新的功能
vi /opt/tengine-1.5.1/conf/nginx.conf
根据cpu数量自动设定Tengine的worker进程数量,并进行cpu绑定。
- worker_processes auto;
- worker_cpu_affinity auto;
关闭系统信息
- server_info off;
- server_tag off;
ngx_http_sysguard_module
系统过载保护
- sysguard on;
- sysguard_load load=10.5 action=/loadlimit;
- sysguard_mem swapratio=20% action=/swaplimit;
- sysguard_mem free=100M action=/freelimit;
- location /loadlimit {
- return 503;
- }
- location /swaplimit {
- return 503;
- }
- location /freelimit {
- return 503;
- }
ngx_http_limit_req_module
并发限制模块
- limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:3m rate=1r/s;
- limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $uri zone=two:3m rate=1r/s;
- limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $request_uri zone=three:3m rate=1r/s;
- location / {
- limit_req zone=one burst=5;
- limit_req zone=two forbid_action=@test1;
- limit_req zone=three burst=3 forbid_action=@test2;
- }
- location /off {
- limit_req off;
- }
- location @test1 {
- rewrite ^ /test1.html;
- }
- location @test2 {
- rewrite ^ /test2.html;
- }
删除旧的nginx软链接,给tengine增加软链接
rm /opt/nginx
ln -s /opt/tengine-1.5.1 /opt/nginx
一个完整的nginx.conf
- user www website;
- worker_processes auto;
- worker_cpu_affinity auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log error;
- pid /dev/shm/nginx.pid;
- #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
- worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
- dso {
- load ngx_http_footer_filter_module.so;
- load ngx_http_limit_conn_module.so;
- load ngx_http_limit_req_module.so;
- load ngx_http_sysguard_module.so;
- load ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.so;
- load ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.so;
- load ngx_http_upstream_session_sticky_module.so;
- }
- events
- {
- use epoll;
- worker_connections 51200;
- }
- http
- {
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
- open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s min_uses=2 valid=1m;
- server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
- #linux 2.4+
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- #tengine
- server_info off;
- server_tag off;
- #server_tag Apache;
- server_tokens off;
- server_name_in_redirect off;
- keepalive_timeout 60;
- client_header_buffer_size 16k;
- client_body_timeout 60;
- client_max_body_size 8m;
- large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
- fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
- fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
- fastcgi_connect_timeout 180;
- fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
- fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
- fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
- fastcgi_buffers 4 128K;
- fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
- fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
- fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm;
- #open_file_cache max=51200 inactive=20s;
- #open_file_cache_valid 30s;
- #open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
- #open_file_cache_errors off;
- gzip on;
- gzip_min_length 1k;
- gzip_comp_level 5;
- gzip_buffers 4 16k;
- gzip_http_version 1.1;
- gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
- gzip_proxied any;
- limit_req_log_level error;
- limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr $uri zone=two:30m rate=10r/s;
- #访问限制白名单
- geo $white_ip {
- #ranges;
- default 0;
- 127.0.0.1/32 1;
- 182.55.21.28/32 1;
- 192.168.0.0/16 1;
- 61.199.67.0/24 1;
- }
- client_body_buffer_size 512k;
- proxy_connect_timeout 5;
- proxy_read_timeout 60;
- proxy_send_timeout 5;
- proxy_buffer_size 16k;
- proxy_buffers 4 32k;
- proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
- proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
- #注:proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区
- proxy_temp_path /opt/nginx/proxy_temp_dir;
- #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_www,内存缓存空间大小为3000MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。
- proxy_cache_path /opt/nginx/proxy_cache_www levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_www:3000m inactive=1d max_size=20g;
- upstream www_server {
- server 192.168.0.131:80;
- }
- server
- {
- listen 80 default;
- server_name _;
- return 444;
- access_log off;
- }
- server
- {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.c1gstudio.com;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/htdocs/www;
- access_log /var/log/nginx/proxy.www.c1gstudio.com.log access buffer=24k;
- if (-d $request_filename){
- rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
- }
- limit_req_whitelist geo_var_name=white_ip geo_var_value=1;
- limit_req zone=two burst=50 forbid_action=/visitfrequently.html;
- location @visitfrequently {
- rewrite ^ /visitfrequently.html;
- }
- location ~/\.ht {
- deny all;
- }
- #用于清除缓存,假设一个URL为http://192.168.8.42/test.txt,通过访问http://192.168.8.42/purge/test.txt就可以清除该URL的缓存。
- location ~ /purge(/.*)
- {
- #设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。
- allow 127.0.0.1;
- allow 192.168.0.0/16;
- deny all;
- proxy_cache_purge cache_www $host$1$is_args$args;
- error_page 405 =200 /purge$1; #处理squidclient purge的时候出现的405错误
- }
- if ( $request_method = "PURGE" ) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /purge$1 last;
- }
- location /
- {
- error_page 502 504 /502.html;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://www_server;
- add_header X-Cache Cache-Skip;
- }
- location ~ 404\.html$
- {
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://www_server;
- add_header X-Cache Cache-Skip;
- }
- location ~ .*\.(htm|html|)?$
- {
- #如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。
- proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
- proxy_cache cache_www;
- #对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间
- proxy_cache_valid 200 304 5m;
- #以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内
- proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://www_server;
- #支持后台expires
- proxy_ignore_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires";
- add_header X-Cache Cache;
- }
- location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
- valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com;
- if ($invalid_referer) {
- rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
- return 412;
- break;
- }
- access_log off;
- #如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。
- proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
- proxy_cache cache_www;
- #对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间
- proxy_cache_valid 200 304 5m;
- #以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内
- proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://www_server;
- #支持后台expires
- proxy_ignore_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires";
- add_header X-Cache Cache;
- }
- }
- }
启动tengine
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
观察了下top降低了许多
===========2014/1/3更新=============
如果负载时大时小可能有io瓶颈,可以将proxy_cache放到/dev/shm 中来解决.(/dev/shm默认为内存一半大小)
创建目录并加入开机执行
- mkdir /dev/shm/nginx
vi /etc/rc.local
在nginx启动前加入
mkdir /dev/shm/nginx
修改nginx.conf
- proxy_temp_path /dev/shm/nginx/proxy_temp_dir;
- #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_www,内存缓存空间大小为3000MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。
- proxy_cache_path /dev/shm/nginx/proxy_cache_www levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_www:3000m inactive=1d max_size=20g;