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第五：对于git对象的理解和实例分析
[root@localhost ~]# cd /git/
[root@localhost git]# mkdir object
[root@localhost object]# vim main.c
Hello wnayan!
[root@localhost object]# git hash-object main.c //计算main.c的哈希值
d32fe487dc38cbfc7fe051a5d6dbae01551d8dbd
[root@localhost object]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /git/object/.git/
[root@localhost object]# git add .
以下这个文件（blob）就是保存mia.c内容的文件
[root@localhost object]# ll .git/objects/d3/
total 8
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 30 Nov 27 04:02 2fe487dc38cbfc7fe051a5d6dbae01551d8dbd
[root@localhost object]# git commit -m "1st commint"
[master (root-commit) da97249] 1st commint
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 main.c
[root@localhost object]# find .git/objects/ -type f //列出文件夹下的普通文件
.git/objects/ae/eedc3b20507db9600f7f72431557fcf9303252
.git/objects/d3/2fe487dc38cbfc7fe051a5d6dbae01551d8dbd
.git/objects/da/97249d3649b1770b5cec8fa515833ea596f26f
[root@localhost object]# git show d32f //查看blob的内容，就是main.c的一样的内容
Hello wnayan!
[root@localhost object]# git cat-file -t aeeedc //这三句是查看object的类型
tree
[root@localhost object]# git cat-file -t da97
commit
[root@localhost object]# git cat-file -t d32f
blob
以上三种对象中tree保存文件的名字，blob保存文件的内容，这种结构有利于两个内容相同但是名字不同的文件的保存（tree保存两个名字，blob保存一份内容就可以了）
[root@localhost object]# git ls-tree aeee //列出tree和blob的对应关系
100644 blob d32fe487dc38cbfc7fe051a5d6dbae01551d8dbd main.c
[root@localhost object]# git show -s --pretty=raw da97 //查看commit的内容，关系很明确
commit da97249d3649b1770b5cec8fa515833ea596f26f
tree aeeedc3b20507db9600f7f72431557fcf9303252
author ethnicitybeta <ethnicitybeta@126.com> 1322337880 +0800
committer ethnicitybeta <ethnicitybeta@126.com> 1322337880 +0800
1st commint
第六：多层目录的实例
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /git/wanyan
[root@localhost /]# cd /git/wanyan/
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat README
just test!
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat lib/comment
include
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat lib/include/main.c
main
[root@localhost wanyan]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /git/wanyan/.git/
[root@localhost wanyan]# git add .
[root@localhost wanyan]# git commit -m "1st version"
[master (root-commit) 206ecf2] 1st version
3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README
create mode 100644 lib/comment
create mode 100644 lib/include/main.c
[root@localhost wanyan]# find .git/objects/ -type f //查看生成的对象
.git/objects/03/e86fb4437c4153cec24aa4021dca582abc0558
.git/objects/56/2f7710be64f9309a9fe6aa529753953dbe7e47
.git/objects/20/6ecf269d0f540995d88d6be825fecb09b5d3eb
.git/objects/8f/006adb88a619f20442a9eb3148cff31691eaf0
.git/objects/ba/2906d0666cf726c7eaadd2cd3db615dedfdf3a
.git/objects/90/48a2fd8c21a70a2dffcf80c819eee2fb491a31
.git/objects/a1/a869c8c840478164594a788ae5ce38dc0ee6da
[root@localhost wanyan]# git cat-file -t 03e8 //可以通过这个命令依次查看对象的类型
tree
[root@localhost wanyan]# ll .git/HEAD
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Nov 27 04:23 .git/HEAD //当前使用的commit是master
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat .git/HEAD
ref: refs/heads/master
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat .git/refs/heads/master
206ecf269d0f540995d88d6be825fecb09b5d3eb
[root@localhost wanyan]# git cat-file -t 206e
commit
接下来就是修改任意的文件，来生成第多个版本的测试
[root@localhost wanyan]# cd lib/
[root@localhost lib]# cat comment
include
change
[root@localhost wanyan]# git commit -a -m "2nd commit" //这个命令是那两个命令的综合
[master a7772df] 2nd commit
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@localhost wanyan]# find .git/objects/ -type f //可以发现对象明显的增加
.git/objects/5f/eaaa33f5f3b3bc5fae0b750b2a5ebdc74b0a27
.git/objects/03/e86fb4437c4153cec24aa4021dca582abc0558
.git/objects/56/2f7710be64f9309a9fe6aa529753953dbe7e47
.git/objects/57/440fcc9bc816076d418a2da304a2498b928bae
.git/objects/20/6ecf269d0f540995d88d6be825fecb09b5d3eb
.git/objects/8f/006adb88a619f20442a9eb3148cff31691eaf0
.git/objects/ba/2906d0666cf726c7eaadd2cd3db615dedfdf3a
.git/objects/90/48a2fd8c21a70a2dffcf80c819eee2fb491a31
.git/objects/a1/a869c8c840478164594a788ae5ce38dc0ee6da
.git/objects/a7/772df6deb98005cf5ee21ae3ea863296677923
.git/objects/2c/f3d62adf771c30fa8062ce2c491d14486ea5ee
接下来这个步骤就是来打tag，tag分为轻量级的和全面包含的
首先是轻量级的tag这个tag虽然是对象，但是并不在对象目录里显示（object目录）
[root@localhost wanyan]# git tag v1.0
[root@localhost wanyan]# ll .git/refs/tags/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 Nov 27 04:50 v1.0
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat .git/refs/tags/v1.0 //可以发现内容是commit呀
a7772df6deb98005cf5ee21ae3ea863296677923
[root@localhost wanyan]# git cat-file -t a777
commit
然后是全面包含的tag，目录里显示（object目录）
[root@localhost wanyan]# git tag -a stable1.0 -m "1st stable"
[root@localhost wanyan]# find .git/objects/ -type f
.git/objects/5f/eaaa33f5f3b3bc5fae0b750b2a5ebdc74b0a27
.git/objects/03/e86fb4437c4153cec24aa4021dca582abc0558
.git/objects/56/2f7710be64f9309a9fe6aa529753953dbe7e47
.git/objects/57/440fcc9bc816076d418a2da304a2498b928bae
.git/objects/20/6ecf269d0f540995d88d6be825fecb09b5d3eb
.git/objects/8f/006adb88a619f20442a9eb3148cff31691eaf0
.git/objects/ba/2906d0666cf726c7eaadd2cd3db615dedfdf3a
.git/objects/90/48a2fd8c21a70a2dffcf80c819eee2fb491a31
.git/objects/a1/a869c8c840478164594a788ae5ce38dc0ee6da
.git/objects/a7/772df6deb98005cf5ee21ae3ea863296677923
.git/objects/8a/26be084ddce5e8178ca91def21e0c8f7a0945e
.git/objects/2c/f3d62adf771c30fa8062ce2c491d14486ea5ee
[root@localhost wanyan]# git cat-file -t 8a26
Tag
接下来演示tag的使用
[root@localhost wanyan]# vi README //修改一下
just test!
another hang!
[root@localhost wanyan]# git commit -a -m "3rd commit"
[master a08fc01] 3rd commit
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat README
just test!
another hang!
下边的操作演示的是把tag那个状态（修改之前），那个打包出去
[root@localhost wanyan]# git archive --format=tar --prefix=wanyan/ v1.0 | gzip > /tmp/wanyan.tar.gz
[root@localhost wanyan]# cd /tmp/
[root@localhost tmp]# tar zxvf wanyan.tar.gz
wanyan/
wanyan/README
wanyan/lib/
wanyan/lib/comment
wanyan/lib/include/
wanyan/lib/include/main.c
[root@localhost tmp]# cd wanyan
[root@localhost wanyan]# cat README //是不是发现又是tag那个状态的文件
just test!
总结：之前有接触版本控制的概念，仅有的名词概念是svn，还没来得及做研究，这里接触了git感觉十分的好用，在这里做一个系统的学习记录下来，以备工作时使用，再次感谢小布老师的无私授课。
(责任编辑：IT) |