getopt命令并非bash的内建命令,它是由util-linux包提供的外部命令。
我们就以系统自带的帮助文件,说说getopt在bash下的使用技巧。
复制代码代码如下:
#!/bin/bash
# A small example program for using the new getopt(1) program. # This program will only work with bash(1) # An similar program using the tcsh(1) script language can be found # as parse.tcsh # Example input and output (from the bash prompt): # ./parse.bash -a par1 'another arg' --c-long 'wow!*\?' -cmore -b " very long " # Option a # Option c, no argument # Option c, argument `more' # Option b, argument ` very long ' # Remaining arguments: # --> `par1' # --> `another arg' # --> `wow!*\?' # Note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a # separate word. The quotes around `$@' are essential! # We need TEMP as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt. TEMP=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \ -n 'example.bash' -- "$@"` if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi # Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential! eval set -- "$TEMP" while true ; do case "$1" in -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;; -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; -c|--c-long) # c has an optional argument. As we are in quoted mode, # an empty parameter will be generated if its optional # argument is not found. case "$2" in "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;; *) echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; esac ;; --) shift ; break ;; *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;; esac done echo "Remaining arguments:" for arg do echo '--> '"\`$arg'" ; done getopt 命令的选项说明:
-a 使getopt长参数支持"-"符号打头,必须与-l同时使用
使用eval 的目的是为了防止参数中有shell命令,被错误的扩展。
复制代码代码如下:
ARGS=`getopt -a -o I:D:T:e:k:LMSsth -l instence:,database:,table:,excute:,key:,list,master,slave,status,tableview,help -- "$@"`
[ $? -ne 0 ] && usage #set -- "${ARGS}" eval set -- "${ARGS}" while true do case "$1" in -I|--instence) instence="$2" shift ;; -D|--database) database="$2" shift ;; -T|--table) table="$2" shift ;; -e|--excute) excute="yes" shift ;; -k|--key) key="$2" shift ;; -L|--list) LIST="yes" ;; -M|--master) MASTER="yes" ;; -S|--slave) SLAVE="yes" ;; -A|--alldb) ALLDB="yes" ;; -s|--status) STATUS="yes" ;; -t|--tableview) TABLEVIEW="yes" ;; -h|--help) usage ;; --) shift break ;; esac shift done 重点关注:esac和done中的shift,还有符号“--”条件下的shift;break操作。 (责任编辑:IT) |