Web服务基础一之Apache源码和YUM安装

Apache HTTP Server（简称Apache）是Apache软件基金会的一个开放源代码的网页服务器，可以在大多数电脑操作系统中运行，由于其跨平台（可以用于UNIX/Linux系统，甚至还可以用于Windows系统）、安全性并且可通过简单的API扩充，将Perl／Python等解释器编译到服务器中被广泛使用，是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一，但是默认只有256个并发连接，运行速度偏慢，效率较低。官方网站http://httpd.apache.org，Apache有两个版本分支：1.x和2.x，目前使用的都是2.x版本，最新版本为2.4.7，在系统中的进程名为httpd。

YUM安装Apache

1、查看系统是否安装Apache:

[root@justin ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd

httpd-2.2.15-15.el6_2.1.i686

httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6_2.1.i686

[root@justin ~]#

系统默认安装了Apache，版本是2.2.15，发布号为15，el6表示在rhel6系列版本中发布，i686指32位PC架构

2、安装Apache:

[root@justin ~]# yum remove httpd* -y

Removed:

httpd.i686 0:2.2.15-15.el6_2.1

httpd-tools.i686 0:2.2.15-15.el6_2.1

Dependency Removed:

gnome-user-share.i686 0:2.28.2-3.el6

Complete!

[root@justin ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd

[root@justin ~]#

先卸载掉已经安装的

[root@justin src]# yum install httpd -y

Installed:

httpd.i686 0:2.2.15-29.el6.centos

Dependency Installed:

httpd-tools.i686 0:2.2.15-29.el6.centos

Complete!

[root@justin src]# rpm -qa|grep httpd

httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686

httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686

[root@justin src]#

3、启动Apache服务：

[root@justin ~]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

[root@justin ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

正在启动 httpd：httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed forjustin

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1forServerName

[确定]

[root@justin ~]#

4、查看Apache占用的端口：

[root@justin ~]# netstat -antp |grep httpd

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 4814/httpd

[root@justin ~]#

Apache使用的是80端口，Apache中默认设置了一个站点，此时直接在客户端IE里输入http://ServerIP就可以访问默认站点：http://10.15.72.38

Tips：如果无法访问确认防火墙和SeLinux状态

源码安装Apache

在生产环境中，大都是采用源码编译方式安装Apache，这样可灵活定制各种功能、及时获取软件的最新版本以及便于今后在不同的系统之间移植。

[root@justin src]# cd /usr/local/src/ && wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.7.tar.gz

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.7.tar.gz

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# cd httpd-2.4.7

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apache

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/

checking forchosen layout... Apache

checking forworking mkdir-p... yes

checking forgrepthat handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking foregrep... /bin/grep-E

checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...

configure:

checking forAPR... no

configure: error: APR not found. Please readthe documentation.

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]#

配置报错configure: error: APR not found. Please readthe documentation.未发现APR，这个是Apache关联软件，安装和apache版本相符版本，版本过早后面也会提示类似：configure: error: APR version x.x.x or later is required的错误

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.5.0.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src/

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# cd ..

[root@justin src]# tar zxvf apr-1.5.0.tar.gz

[root@justin src]# cd apr-1.5.0

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apr

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr/

checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

Configuring APR library

Platform: i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking forworking mkdir-p... yes

APR Version: 1.5.0

checking forchosen layout... apr

checking forgcc... no

checking forcc... no

checking forcl.exe... no

configure: error: in`/usr/local/src/apr-1.5.0':

configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in$PATH

See `config.log' formoredetails

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]#

又出现了错误configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in$PATH，从字面意思大致意思是没有发现可接受的C编辑器，因此需要安装下gcc套件

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# yum install gcc -y

再次配置、编译、安装

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr/

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# make

[root@justin apr-1.5.0]# make install

apr安装好了再来安装apache

[root@justin src]# cd httpd-2.4.7

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/

checking forchosen layout... Apache

checking forworking mkdir-p... yes

checking forgrepthat handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking foregrep... /bin/grep-E

checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...

configure:

checking forAPR... yes

setting CC to "gcc"

setting CPP to "gcc -E"

setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"

setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE"

setting LDFLAGS to " "

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...

configure:

checking forAPR-util... no

configure: error: APR-util not found. Please readthe documentation.

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]#

再次出错configure: error: APR-util not found. Please readthe documentation.没有找到APR-util，下载APR-util

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.5.3.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src/

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# cd ..

[root@justin src]# tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.gz

[root@justin src]# cd apr-util-1.5.3

[root@justin apr-util-1.5.3]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apr-util

[root@justin apr-util-1.5.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

apr/ apr-util/

[root@justin apr-util-1.5.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

[root@justin apr-util-1.5.3]# make && make install

再次回到安装apache

[root@justin apr-util-1.5.3]# cd ../httpd-2.4.7

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/

checking forchosen layout... Apache

checking forworking mkdir-p... yes

checking forgrepthat handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking foregrep... /bin/grep-E

checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...

configure:

checking forAPR... yes

setting CC to "gcc"

setting CPP to "gcc -E"

setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"

setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE"

setting LDFLAGS to " "

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...

configure:

checking forAPR-util... no

configure: error: APR-util not found. Please readthe documentation.

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]#

已经安装好了APR-util还是提示没安装，我们需要在配置是指定他位置

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/

checking forchosen layout... Apache

checking forworking mkdir-p... yes

checking forgrepthat handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking foregrep... /bin/grep-E

checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...

configure:

checking forAPR... yes

setting CC to "gcc"

setting CPP to "gcc -E"

setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"

setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE"

setting LDFLAGS to " "

configure:

configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...

configure:

checking forAPR-util... yes

checking forgcc... gcc

checking whether the C compiler works... yes

checking forC compiler default output filename... a.out

checking forsuffix of executables...

checking whether we are cross compiling... no

checking forsuffix of object files... o

checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

checking forgcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E

checking forgcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99

checking forpcre-config... false

configure: error: pcre-config forlibpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]#

编译安装就是这么坑，你需要解决一系列的依赖关系，再次提示错误configure: error: pcre-config forlibpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/，同样我们需要先安装这个pcre

[root@justin src]# wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.34/pcre-8.34.zip -P /usr/local/src/

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# cd ..

[root@justin src]# unzip -o pcre-8.34.zip

[root@justin src]# cd pcre-8.34

[root@justin pcre-8.34]# mkdir /usr/local/pcre

[root@justin pcre-8.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/

checking fordirent.h... yes

checking windows.h usability... no

checking windows.h presence... no

checking forwindows.h... no

configure: error: You need a C++ compiler forC++ support.

[root@justin pcre-8.34]#

configure: error: You need a C++ compiler forC++ support.需要安装C++，前面安装gcc的时候可以一起安装了，免得这步又的安装

[root@justin pcre-8.34]# yum install gcc-c++ -y

安装好再来安装pcre

[root@justin pcre-8.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/

[root@justin pcre-8.34]# make && make install

最后再回到安装Apache

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/

config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo

config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh

config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h

config.status: executing default commands

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]# make && make install

mkdir/usr/local/apache/man/man8

mkdir/usr/local/apache/manual

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.7'

[root@justin httpd-2.4.7]#

总算没有再报错，源码编译安装虽然灵活但是安装很复杂，需要解决一系列依赖关系问题，这里只是纯粹的安装Apache服务。仅能提供最基本的静态网站数据而已，想要实现动态网站的话，最好还是要PHP与MySQL的支持

(责任编辑：IT)

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