什么是mariadb? MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支,主要由开源社区在维护,采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是:甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后,有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险,因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。在存储引擎方面,使用XtraDB(英语:XtraDB)来代替MySQL的InnoDB。 MariaDB由MySQL的创始人Michael Widenius(英语:Michael Widenius)主导开发,他早前曾以10亿美元的价格,将自己创建的公司MySQL AB卖给了SUN,此后,随着SUN被甲骨文收购,MySQL的所有权也落入Oracle的手中。MariaDB名称来自Michael Widenius的女儿Maria的名字。(来自百度百科)
多实例介绍 简单的说,就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口(如:3306,3307),运行多个mysql服务进程,这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。 这些mysql多实例公用一套mysql安装程序,使用不同的my.cnf配置文件、启动程序、数据文件。在提供服务时,多实例mysql在逻辑上看来是各自独立的,多个实例之间是根据配置文件的设定值,来取得相关服务器的硬件资源。 作个比喻,mysql多实例相当于房子的多个卧室一样,每个实例可以看作一个卧室,整个服务器就是一套房子,服务器的硬件资源(cpu,mem,disk)可以看作房子的卫生间、厨房、客厅一样,是房子的公用资源。(来自老男孩培训)
部署:
####环境#### 虚拟机:1台 linux系统及内核版本: CentOS release 6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
#下载安装包 wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz wget http://dl.mysql.cn/mariadb/5.5/mariadb-5.5.25.tar.gz
#编译安装cmake tar zxf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gzcd cmake-2.8.5./bootstrapmakemake installcd ..
#编译安装mariadb
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M yum install ncurses-devel -y yum install libaio-devel -y tar -zxvf mariadb-5.5.25.tar.gzcd mariadb-5.5.25 cmake . -LH|more #CMake下查看mariadb的编译配置 cmake . \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariamysql\ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1\ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all\ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8\ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci\ -DWITH_DEBUG=0\ -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release\ -DFEATURE_SET=community\ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF make -j 4 #-j指定用于编译的CPU核数,可以加快编译速度 make install
#创建多实例的数据目录 #我这边配置了两个实例,如果想3个、4个同理往下增加即可。 [root@mariadb ~]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data [root@mariadb ~]# cd /data/ [root@mariadb data]# tree . ├── 3306 │ └── data └── 3307 └── data [root@mariadb data]# ll 总用量 8 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 5月 7 22:41 3306 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 5月 7 22:41 3307 [root@mariadb data]# chown -R mysql.mysql * [root@mariadb data]# ll 总用量 8 drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 7 22:41 3306 drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 7 22:41 3307
配置第一个实例:
#拷贝配置文件 [root@mariadb 3306]# cp ~/tools/mariadb-5.5.25/support-files/my-small.cnf ./my.cnf #修改配置文件 [root@mariadb 3306]# cat my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mariamysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
#编写启动脚本 [root@mariadb 3306]# cat mariadb
01. #!/bin/sh 02. port=3306 03. mysql_user= "root" 04. mysql_pwd= "" 05. CmdPath= "/application/mariamysql/bin" 06. mysql_sock= "/data/${port}/mysql.sock" 07. #startup function 08. function_start_mysql() 09. { 10. if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ]; then 11. printf "Starting MariaMySQL...\n" 12. /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults- file =/data/${port}/my.cnf 2& gt ;&1 & gt ; /dev/null & 13. else 14. printf "MariaMySQL is running...\n" 15. exit 16. fi 17. } 18. #stop function 19. function_stop_mysql() 20. { 21. if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ]; then 22. printf "MariaMySQL is stopped...\n" 23. exit 24. else 25. printf "Stoping MariaMySQL...\n" 26. ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown 27. fi 28. } 29. #restart function 30. function_restart_mysql() 31. { 32. printf "Restarting MariaMySQL...\n" 33. function_stop_mysql 34. sleep 2 35. function_start_mysql 36. } 37. case $1 in 38. start) 39. function_start_mysql 40. ;; 41. stop) 42. function_stop_mysql 43. ;; 44. restart) 45. function_restart_mysql 46. ;; 47. *) 48. printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" 49. esac
#启动脚本更改为700权限 [root@mariadb 3306]# chmod 700 mariadb #初始化数据库(注意这里的datadir) [root@mariadb 3306]#/application/mariamysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mariamysql/ --datadir=/data/3306/data/ --user=mysql #启动数据库 [root@mariadb 3306]# /data/3306/mariadb start Starting MariaMySQL... #检查 [root@mariadb 3306]# lsof -i :3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 29380 mysql 15u IPv4 116393 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) #登录数据库(注意登录写法) [root@mariadb 3306]# /application/mariamysql/bin/mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
配置第二个实例:
\cp /data/3306/my.cnf /data/3307/ \cp /data/3306/mariadb /data/3307/ sed -i 's#3306#3307#g' /data/3307/my.cnf #注配置文件内的server-id要与上个实例的配置文件不同。我这改成server-id = 2 sed -i 's#3306#3307#g' /data/3307/mariadb chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3307/ chmod 700 /data/3307/mariadb /application/mariamysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mariamysql/ --datadir=/data/3307/data/ --user=mysql /data/3307/mariadb start netstat -lnt |grep 3307 /application/mariamysql/bin/mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
检查:
[root@mariadb 3307]# netstat -lnt |grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN |