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1、默认python3、ipython3、pip的路径 name@host:~$ which python /usr/bin/python name@host:~$ which python3 /usr/bin/python3 name@host:~$ which pip /usr/local/bin/pip name@host:~$ which pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3 name@host:~$ which ipython3 /usr/local/bin/ipython3 name@host:~$ which ipython /usr/local/bin/ipyth 2、安装之后的路径 /usr/local/python3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/local/python3.7/bin/pip3.7 /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3 /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3.7 3、编译安装python3.7 参考链接：https://ywnz.com/linuxjc/3159.html https://www.jianshu.com/p/7d32fba1121a 官网下载：https://www.python.org/downloads/ file中选择 Gzipped source tarball 比如：压缩包名字是Python-3.7.0.tgz 解压： sudo tar -xzf Python-3.7.0.tgz 可以 -C /opt/ 指定解压路径 编译 cd Python-3.7.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6 --enable-optimization --prefix 是预期安装目录， --enable-optimizations 是优化选项（LTO，PGO 等）加上这个 flag 编译后，性能有 10% 左右的优化（如果没记错的话），但是这会明显的增加编译时间。不过关于 LTO 和 PGO 其实不在今天文章的讨论范围内，建议感兴趣的可以看看 GCC 中 LTO 的具体实现https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/LTO-Overview.html 安装 sudo make sudo make install 报错以及解决 1. configure： error：in ‘路径名’： no acceptable C compiler found in $path 解决： sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install build-essential 2. Python build finished successfully! The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found: _ctypes 3. zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available 解决： sudo apt install zlib* 参考：https://blog.csdn.net/blueheart20/article/details/72827666 4. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes' Makefile:1130: recipe for target 'install' failed make: *** [install] Error 1 解决： 解决：安装模块 sudo apt-get update sudo apt dist-upgrade sudo apt install build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev sudo apt install libssl-dev openssl sudo apt install libffi-dev --------------------- 原文：https://blog.csdn.net/wang725/article/details/79905612 参考链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/abeen/p/9355389.html 4、安装完成 The directory '/home/name/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/home/name/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Looking in links: /tmp/tmp4crntzmm Collecting setuptools Collecting pip Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0 链接处理 建立软连接： ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3 这样建立之后，pip3 也会自动配置为python3.7的 下面的问题出现后，将/usr/bin/python3有恢复成了原来的。 建立了python3.7的软连接 ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3 建立了pip3.7的软连接 sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3.7 对于ipython3 1.查看到 ipython3 命令在是 /usr/local/bin/ipython3 2.cat /usr/local/bin/ipython3 内容如下 #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import re import sys from IPython import start_ipython if __name__ == '__main__': sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(start_ipython()) 复制一份命名为 /usr/local/bin/ipython3.7 打开，将第一行改为 #!/usr/bin/python3.7 试启动： ipython3.7 报错 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/ipython3.7", line 7, in <module> from IPython import start_ipython ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'IPython' 安装 sudo pip3.7 search ipython 成功 ipython3.7 /usr/local/python3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/history.py:226: UserWarning: IPython History requires SQLite, your history will not be saved warn("IPython History requires SQLite, your history will not be saved") Python 3.7.3 (default, May 20 2019, 15:29:59) Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information IPython 7.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help. 这样 python3.7 就是python3.7的了 这样 pip3.7 就是python3.7的了 5、系统问题： 1.执行apt update 时报错， 因为python版本替换了 报错如下： name@host:~$ sudo apt update 命中:1 http://archive.ubuntukylin.com:10006/ubuntukylin xenial InRelease 命中:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease 命中:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease 命中:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease 获取:5 https://deb.opera.com/opera-stable stable InRelease [2,591 B] 已下载 2,591 B，耗时 2秒 (1,552 B/s) Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/cnf-update-db", line 8, in <module> from CommandNotFound.db.creator import DbCreator ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'CommandNotFound' 正在读取软件包列表... 完成 E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/lib/command-not-found/ -a -e /usr/lib/cnf-update-db; then /usr/lib/cnf-update-db > /dev/null; fi' E: Sub-process returned an error code 同时ubuntu默认终端打不开，还是因为python的版本替换 解决：将/usr/bin/python3下的软连接恢复成原来的。 2.出现问题： E: 无法修正错误，因为您要求某些软件包保持现状，就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关系。 原因：有 1 个软件包没有被完全安装或卸载。 解决： sudo apt --fix-broken install 6、最后sudo apt autoremove清除多余的包 (责任编辑：IT) |