一、通用监控系统基础知识以及Prometheus的概述
二、工作原理及适用性
memory_free{ip="10.100.1.2"} 6238 键 标签(作为过滤器) 值
4.指标类型
5.作业(Job)和实例(Instance) 实例instance:每个网络端点叫一个实例 作业Job:有相同功能的实例的集合称为一个Job. *
三、Prometheus-Server 部署 1.Prometheus-server的部署,二进制包安装 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /prometheus && chown -R root:root /prometheus [root@localhost ~]# cd /prometheus [root@localhost prometheus]# tar -zxvf prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386.tar.gz [root@localhost prometheus]# cd prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386/ [root@localhost prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386]# cd .. [root@localhost prometheus]# ln -s prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386 prometheus [root@localhost prometheus]# ll total 62100 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Jan 26 23:09 prometheu -> prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386 drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434 132 Jan 19 18:10 prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63587661 Jan 22 04:23 prometheus-2.24.1.linux-386.tar.gz [root@localhost prometheus]# cd prometheus [root@localhost prometheus]# ll total 145780 drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 38 Jan 19 18:08 console_libraries drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434 173 Jan 19 18:08 consoles -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434 11357 Jan 19 18:08 LICENSE -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434 3420 Jan 19 18:08 NOTICE -rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 79203846 Jan 19 16:16 prometheus -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434 926 Jan 19 18:08 prometheus.yml -rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 70051362 Jan 19 16:18 promtool [root@localhost prometheus]# ./prometheus
(5).为了方便,我们需要把prometheus运行在后台,需要把服务添加到系统服务内。
[root@localhost prometheus]# touch prometheus.log &&chmod 755 prometheus.log [root@localhost prometheus]# vim peometheus.sh [root@localhost prometheus]# chmod 755 prometheus.sh [root@localhost prometheus]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service [root@localhost prometheus]# systemctl start prometheus.service [root@localhost prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service 启动脚本prometheus.sh #!/bin/bash #引用的是二进制包内的原始的启动脚本和原始配置文件,所以文件的路劲要注意不要写错 /prometheus/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml &>> /prometheus/prometheus.log 添加到service内prometheus.service,注意文件路径/usr/lib/systemd/system/ [Unit] Description=Prometheus [Service] User=root Group=root Type=simple #使用我们自定义的启动脚本,否则如果用原始的启动脚本将无法保存日志 ExecStart=/prometheus/prometheus.sh [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Prometheus web界面的简单使用,核心为查询公式PromQL 四、exporter的部署—>node_exporter为例,其他类型安装方式一致 【1】Node_exporter的部署
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /exporter && chown -R root:root /exporter/* [root@localhost /]# cd /exporter/ [root@localhost exporter]# rz [root@localhost exporter]# ll [root@localhost exporter]# tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz [root@localhost exporter]# ln -s node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter [root@localhost exporter]# cd node_export [root@localhost node_export]# ./node_exporter
[root@localhost node_export]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_export.service [root@localhost node_export]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@localhost node_export]# systemctl start node_export.service [root@localhost node_export]# systemctl enanle node_export.service [root@localhost node_export]# systemctl status node_export.service
【2】监控Mysql、Tomcat、Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mysqld_exporter && chown -R root:root /mysqld_exporter [root@localhost ~]# cd /mysqld_exporter/ [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# rz [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# tar -zxvf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-386.tar.gz [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# ln -s mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-386 mysqld_exporter [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# vim my.cnf [client] host=127.0.0.1 user=exporter password=passwd1! #与mysql权限配置一致,用户名 密码如下配置 [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# mysql grant all privileges on *.* to 'exporter'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'passwd1!'; [root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld_exporter.service mysqld_exporter.service内容示例 root@localhost mysqld_exporter]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld_exporter.service [Unit] Description=mysqld_exporter After=network.target [Service] Type=simple User=root ExecStart=/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter/my.cnf \ --collect.slave_status \ --collect.slave_hosts \ --log.level=error \ --collect.info_schema.processlist \ --collect.info_schema.innodb_metrics \ --collect.info_schema.innodb_tablespaces \ --collect.info_schema.innodb_cmp \ --collect.info_schema.innodb_cmpmem Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.targe
五.PromQL查询语句 六、服务发现机制、重新打标-配置prometheus的启动配置文件 【服务发现】 1.静态配置,启动配置文件---->>prometheus.yml
2.基于文件发现服务,prometheus_files_sd.yml 安装目录:mkdir -pv /consul_path 配置文件目录:mkdir -pv /consul/conf/....json 数据目录:mkdir -pv /consul/data/
(1) .下载地址:https://www.consul.io/downloads/ (2) .安装unzip consul_1.9.2_linux_amd64.zip -d /consul_path (3) .开发者模式 ./consul agent -dev -ui -data-dir=/consul/data/ -config-dir=/consul/conf -client=0.0.0.0 (4) .使用
5.基于Kubernetes API动态发现服务及指标抓取的生命周期 【2】重新打标,相当于zabbix更改监控项,修改prometheus的配置 对于发现的每个目标,prometheus会默认执行操作。 relabel_config重新打标:
source_labels:使用原始标签 正则表达式: 示例:重新打标label 重新打标之前:重新打标以后:
七、Grafana可视化展示-查询持久化 安装Grafana、添加prometheus数据源
所以,关键还是PromQL表达式
【1】部署,加载告警规则 安装: [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /alertmanager #创建目录 [root@localhost ~]# cd /alertmanager/ [root@localhost alertmanager]# rz [root@localhost alertmanager]# tar -zxvf alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz #解压 [root@localhost alertmanager]# ln -s alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64 alertmanager 软连接 [root@localhost alertmanager]# cd alertmanager [root@localhost alertmanager]# ll #添加为服务 [root@localhost alertmanager]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service [Unit] Description=alertmanager [Service] User=root Group=root Type=simple #使用原始的启动脚本 ExecStart=/alertmanager/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/alertmanager/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@localhost alertmanager]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@localhost alertmanager]# systemctl start alertmanager.service tcp6 0 0 :::9093 :::* LISTEN 51218/alertmanager tcp6 0 0 :::9094 :::* LISTEN 51218/alertmanager ```
2.修改alertmanager.yml根据自己的实际需要,比如告警方式(email、wechat…) 3.修改prometheus_files_sd.yml,
基于文件发现/…yaml 告警规则/rules/up.yaml,被用于prometheus的配置文件中 启动prometheus,alertmanager 查看web: ip:9090 ip:9093 关闭一个node_exporter和一个prometheus-server,看web界面的变化和告警消息的接收情况 1.实验前2.关闭target 3.看变化 4.收到告警信息 Over!!!
1.prometheus_files_sd.yml global: scrape_interval: 15s scrape_timeout: 10s evaluation_interval: 15s #静态配置告警 alerting: alertmanagers: - scheme: http timeout: 10s api_version: v1 static_configs: - targets: - 10.160.1.14:9093 #动态配置告警 #alerting: # alertmanagers: # - scheme: http # timeout: 10s # api_version: v1 # file_sd_configs: # - files: # - /prometheus/prometheus/targets/alertmananger.yaml #告警规则 rule_files: - "/prometheus/prometheus/rules/*.yaml" - "/prometheus/prometheus/alert_rules/*.yaml" #targets scrape_configs: - job_name: prometheus honor_timestamps: true scrape_interval: 15s scrape_timeout: 10s metrics_path: /metrics scheme: http file_sd_configs: - files: - /prometheus/prometheus/targets/prometheus.yaml refresh_interval: 2m # relabel_configs: # - regex: "(job|app)" # replacement: ${1}_name # action: labelmap - job_name: nodes honor_timestamps: true scrape_interval: 15s scrape_timeout: 10s metrics_path: /metrics scheme: http file_sd_configs: - files: - /prometheus/prometheus/targets/node.yaml refresh_interval: 1m - job_name: alertmanager honor_timestamps: true scrape_interval: 15s scrape_timeout: 10s metrics_path: /metrics scheme: http file_sd_configs: - files: - /prometheus/prometheus/targets/alertmanager.yaml refresh_interval: 1m 2.告警规则/rules/up.yaml groups: - name: 'target在线状态' rules: - alert: 'target在线状态' expr: up{job="nodes"} == 0 for: 20s labels: severity: 'node_exporter' annotations: title: 'node_expoerer告警' summary: 'node_exporter 未在运行' - name: 'prometheus-server状态' rules: - alert: 'server在线状态' expr: up{job="prometheus"} == 0 for: 20s labels: severity: 'prometheus-server' annotations: title: 'prometheus-server告警' summary: 'prometheus-server 未在运行' 3./targets/node.ymal - targets: - 10.160.1.26:9100 - 10.160.1.18:9100 - 121.36.227.76:9100 4./targets/prometheus.ymal - targets: - 10.160.1.14:9090 - 10.160.1.26:9090 5.假如使用consul,/consul/conf/**.json { "services": [ { "id": "node_exporter_01", "name": "node01", "address": "121.36.227.76", "port": 9100, "tags": ["nodes"], "check": [{ "http": "http://112.36.227.76:9100/metrics", "interval": "5s" }] }, { "id": "node_exporter_02", "name": "node02", "address": "10.160.1.18", "port": 9100, "tags": ["nodes"], "check": [{ "http": "http://10.160.1.18:9100/metrics", "interval": "5s" }] } ] } 6.alertmanager_email_wechat.yml # 全局配置项 global: resolve_timeout: 5m #超时,默认5min #邮箱smtp服务 smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:465' smtp_from: '2925006354@qq.com' smtp_auth_username: '2925006354@qq.com' smtp_auth_password: '***' smtp_require_tls: false #wechat wechat_api_url: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/" wechat_api_corp_id: " *" wechat_api_secret: "***" # 模板 templates: - '/alertmanager/alertmanager/tmpl/*.tmpl' # 路由 route: group_by: ['alertname'] # 报警分组依据 group_wait: 20s #组等待时间 group_interval: 20s # 发送前等待时间 repeat_interval: 1h #重复周期 receiver: 'email' # 默认警报接收者 #子路由 routes: - receiver: 'wechat' match: severity: prometheus-server #标签severity为test时满足条件,使用wechat警报 - receiver: 'email' match: severity: node_exporter # 警报接收者 receivers: - name: 'email' #警报方式 email_configs: - to: '2925006354@qq.com' # 接收警报的email html: '{{ template "emai.html" . }}' # 模板 headers: { Subject: " {{ .CommonLabels.instance }} {{ .CommonAnnotations.title }}" } #标题 - name: 'wechat' #警报方式 wechat_configs: - send_resolved: true to_party: '2' #接收部门id agent_id: '1000006' #应用ID to_user: '' to_tag: '' message: '{{ template "wechat.html" . }}' 7.消息模板 email.tpml {{ define "emai.html" }} {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}{{ range .Alerts }} @告警信息: <pre> 告警级别: {{ .Labels.severity }} 级<br> 告警类型: {{ .Labels.alertname }}<br> 故障实例: {{ .Labels.instance }}<br> 告警主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }}<br> ⏱ : {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05" }} <br> </pre> {{ end }}{{ end -}} {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}{{ range .Alerts }} @告警已恢复 <pre> 告警级别: {{ .Labels.severity }} 级<br> 告警类型: {{ .Labels.alertname }}<br> 恢复实例: {{ .Labels.instance }}<br> 恢复主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }}<br> ⏱ : {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05" }}<br> 恢复时间:{{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br> </pre> {{ end }}{{ end -}} {{- end }} wechat.tpml {{ define "wechat.html" }} {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}{{ range .Alerts }} @告警信息: 告警级别: {{ .Labels.severity }} 级 告警类型: {{ .Labels.alertname }} 故障实例: {{ .Labels.instance }} 告警主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }} ⏱ : {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05" }} {{ end }}{{ end -}} {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}{{ range .Alerts }} @告警已恢复 告警级别: {{ .Labels.severity }} 级 告警类型: {{ .Labels.alertname }} 恢复实例: {{ .Labels.instance }} 恢复主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }} ⏱ : {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006/01/02 15:04:05" }} 恢复时间:{{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} {{ end }}{{ end -}} {{- end }} https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41664031/article/details/113176639?utm_medium=distribute.pc_category.none-task-blog-hot-8.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_category.none-task-blog-hot-8.nonecase&request_id=(责任编辑:IT) |